Gastroenteritis

Question 1

What is a normal anaerobic enteric microflora of the gut?

Answer 1

Bacteroides Fragilis

Question 2

What is a normal facultative enteric microflora of the gut?

Answer 2

E. coli

Question 3

What is a neurotoxin?

Answer 3

• ingested as preformed toxin
• effect the central autonomic nervous system rather than intestine

Bugs:

• s. aureus
• B. cereus
• c. botulinum

Question 4

What is a enterotoxin?

Answer 4

• have direct effect on the intestinal mucosa to cause fluid secretion. alters metabolic activity.
• results in outpouring of electrolytes and fluid; primarily in jejunum and upper ileum

Bugs:

• v. cholera
• c. perfringens
• shigella

Question 5

What is a cytotoxin?

Answer 5

• causes mucosal destruction
• leads to inflammatory colitis; dysentery

Bugs:

• s. dysenteriae
• c. perfringens
• vibrio
• c. difficile
• campy
• e. coli

Question 6

Attachment

Answer 6

Bugs:

• e. coli
• giardia
• cryptosporidium
• isospora

They destroy the ability of cells to participate in normal secretion and absorption

Question 7

Invasiveness

Answer 7

Bugs:
-Shigella, e. coli, salmonella, vibrio

The capacity of organism such as shigella and certain invasive strains of e. coli to invade and destroy epithelial cells, primarily in the colon, is responsible for their inflammation or dysenteric diarrhea they cause

Question 8

What bugs are the leading causes of food borne disease in the US

Answer 8

Campy and salmonella spp.

-normally found in chicken

Question 9

Staph aureus

Answer 9

meats, milk products, food handlers, fatty foods

Question 10

C. perfringenes

Answer 10

meats and soil

Question 11

salmonella

Answer 11

poultry
eggs
meats
milk
prodcue

Question 12

Shigella

Answer 12

Produce

direct fecal/oral

Question 13

Campy

Answer 13

Water
raw milk
poultry
pets

Question 14

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Answer 14

Raw or undercooked seafood

-most common of non cholera vibrios

Question 15

B. cereus

Answer 15

rice
meat
veggies
can’t kill the toxin via heating

Question 16

Aeromonas hydrophilia

Answer 16

Water
water sports
fresh water version of vibrio

Question 17

Vibrio Cholera

Answer 17

Water
contaminated food
survives in a copepod

Question 18

SLT E. coli

Answer 18

beef
raw milk
produce
under cooked meat

Question 19

L. monocytogenes

Answer 19

soft cheese
unpasturized milk
deli meats
gram positive
neonatal meningitis

Question 20

Incubation Periods

Answer 20

1. minutes
   - hysteria reaction
2. min-hr
   - b. cereus
   - s. aureus
   - chemicals, heavy metals, shellfish toxins
3. several hr
   - botulism
   - c. perfringenes
4. Day or so
   - salmonella
   - shigella
   - vibrio para
   - campy
   - yersenia
   - viruses
5. Days to weeks
   - c. difficile
   - giardia
   - ameoba

Question 21

Treatment

Answer 21

-Number 1 is always fluid replacement

Antibiotics:
-used for shigella, cholera, c. jejuni, salmonella, typhoid fever

-avoid: umcomplicated cases salmonella, no value for staph, b. cereus, c. perfringens, v. paraheam, enterocolitica, and invasive E. coli