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Z Year3 Infectious Diseases > Gastroenteritis > Flashcards

Gastroenteritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is gastroenteritis?

A

inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract

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2
Q

What is infectious gastroenteritis?

A

gastroenteritis caused by pathogens; most commonly viruses

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3
Q

Is infectious gastroenteritis common?

A

yes

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4
Q

What are the viral causes of gastroenteritis?

A
  1. Norovirus
  2. Rotavirus
  3. Adenovirus
  4. Astrovirus
  5. Calicivirus
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5
Q

What are the bacterial causes of gastroenteritis?

A
  1. Campylobacter jejuni
  2. Escherichia coli (particularly 0157)
  3. Salmonella
  4. Shigella
  5. Vibrio cholerae
  6. Listeria
  7. Yersinia enterocolitica
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6
Q

What are the protozoa causes of gastroenteritis?

A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica
  2. Cryptosporidium parvum
  3. Giardia lamblia
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7
Q

How does viral gastroenteritis present?

A
  1. usually nonbloody watery diarrhea and vomiting

2. abdominal pain, cramps, and fever are also commonly associated

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8
Q

What age group is norovirus common in?

A

most common all ages

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9
Q

What age group is rotavirus common in?

A

primarily young children <5 years

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10
Q

What age group is entertic adenovirus common in?

A
  • young children

- long period of diarrhoea (>12days)

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11
Q

What age group is astrovirus common in?

A

young children <2years, considered to be milder

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12
Q

What age is cytomegalovirus common in?

A

immunosuppressed – colitis with ulceration

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13
Q

What are symptoms of gastroenteritis?

A
  1. Sudden-onset diarrhoea (>3 movements/day)
  2. Blood or mucus in the stool
  3. Faecal urgency
  4. Nausea/ Vomiting
  5. Fever + malaise.
  6. Abdominal pain or cramps
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14
Q

What are associated symptoms of gastroenteritis?

A
  1. Headache
  2. Myalgia
  3. Bloating
  4. Flatulence
  5. Weight loss
  6. Malabsorption
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15
Q

What is dysentery?

A

bloody diarrhoea

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16
Q

How do you remember the organisms for dysentry?

A

CHESS

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17
Q

What organisms cause dysentery?

A
  1. Campylobacter / c.diff
  2. Haemorrhagic E.coli
  3. Shigella
  4. Salmonella
18
Q

What organisms cause secretory diarrhoea?

A
  1. Campylobacter / c.diff
  2. Staph aureus
  3. Virbrio cholera
  4. E.coli
  5. Salmonella
  6. Bacillus cereus
19
Q

What is C,Diff associated with?

A

Use of antibiotics, PPI, antiperistaltic drugs

20
Q

What is staph aurus associated with?

A

contaminated food, 1-6 hours after eating, short lived

21
Q

What is vibrio cholera associayed with?

A

rice water diarrhoea, contaminated water/undercooked seafood, shock

22
Q

What is E.coli associated with?

A

recent travel, contaminated foods

23
Q

What is bacillus cereus associated with?

A
  1. reheated rice

2. can cause cerebral abscess

24
Q

What is salmonella associated with?

A
  1. eggs, poultry
  2. may present with constipation
  3. multiplies in Payer’s patches of the intestine
25
Q

What is campylobacter associated with?

A
  1. recent travel
  2. uncooked poultry
  3. associated with Guillain-barre syndrome
26
Q

What is haemorrhagic E.coli associated with?

A
  1. contaminated foods

2. bloody diarrhoea followed by haemolytic uraemic syndrome (EHEC 0157:H7)

27
Q

What is entamobea histolytica associated with?

A

contaminated water, tropical places, MSM

28
Q

What is shigella associated with?

A

person-to-person contact, poor sanitation, MSM

29
Q

What are the 5 bacterial infections most commonly associated with reactive arthritis?

A
  1. Chlamydia (most common)
  2. Salmonella
  3. Shigella
  4. Yersinia
  5. Campylobacter (+group A strep)
    - these bacteria usually cause gastrointestinal or genitourinary infections.
30
Q

What are the findings on Examination of gastroenteritis?

A
  1. Mucous membranes, skin turgor, cap refill, low urine output can lead dehydration?
  2. HR, BP lo2 shock?
  3. Temperature
31
Q

What bloods are done?

A

FBC, ESR/CRP, U&Es - deranged (low K in severe D&V)

32
Q

What is done in Stool MCandS?

A
  1. Bacterial pathogens
  2. Ova cysts (eggs)
  3. Parasites
33
Q

What is the Mx if no systemic signs?

A
  1. Supportive therapy
  2. Bed rest, fluids and electrolyte replacement with oral rehydration solution
  3. No stool culture needed
34
Q

What are signs of systemic illness?

A
  1. > 39C or dehydration

2. Visible blood or >2wks

35
Q

How do you manage gastroenteritis with systemic illness?

A
  1. Admit and give oral fluids
    (IV rehydration for severe vomiting)
  2. Antibiotics if infective organism identified
  3. Direct faecal smear, then culture
36
Q

Are antibiotics given?

A

not routienly

37
Q

What are indication for emperical antibitoics?

A 
1.	Suspected shigella 
 infection 
2.	Suspected enteric fever
3.	High-grade fever or sepsis  
4.	High-risk groups
38
Q

When is antibiotic therapy contraindicated?

A

enterohemorrhagic E. coli - may increase the risk of or worsen HUS.

39
Q

What antibtioics would you give in severe campylobacter?

A

Clarithromycin

40
Q

What antibiotics are given in severe amoebic dysentry?

A

metronidazole + diloxanide

41
Q

What antibiotics are given in serve giardiasis?

A

Tinidazole

Z Year3 Infectious Diseases (5 decks)

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