Gastroenteritis Flashcards
most common cause of gastroenteritis?
viral
T/F: patients with gastroenteritis must be isolated to avoid spread
true
pathogens associated with viral GE?
rotavirus
norovirus
adenovirus (less common, subacute diarrhoea)
T/F: E coli is a normal intestinal bacteria
true - only certain strains cause GE
E coli 0157
1) produces the ___ toxin
2) causes what symptoms?
3) also destroys blood cells leading to __ __ syndrome
4) T/F: treat with Abx
1) shiga
2) abdo cramps, bloody diarrhoea and vomiting
3) HUS
4) False- increases risk of HUS
commonest cause of GE worldwide?
campylobacter jejuni
Campylobacter Jejuni
1) spread how?
2) incubation?
3) symptoms?
4) Treatment?
1) raw or undercooked poultry, untreated water, unpasteurised milk
2) 2-5 days (DofE)
3) abdo cramps, diarrhoea (often bloody), vomiting, fever
(resolves after 3-6 days)
4) if severe and culture suggests sensitivity, azithromycin or ciprofloxacin
Shigella
1) spread how
2) incubation period?
3) symptoms?
4) can produce the ___ toxin and cause ___ ___ syndrome
5) treatment of severe cases?
1) faeces contaminating drinking water, swimming pools and food
2) 1-2 days
3) bloody diarrhoea, abdominal cramps and fever
4) Shiga, HUS
5) azithromycin or ciprofloxacin
Salmonella
1) spread how
2) incubation period?
3) symptoms?
4) T/F: antibiotics are routinely used
1) eating raw eggs or poultry
2) 12h- 3 days
3) watery diarrhoea can be associated with mucous or blood, abdo pain, vomiting
4) False- only in severe guided by stool culture and sensitivities
Bacillus Cereus
1) spread how
2) symptoms?
3) resolve how quickly?
1) reheated rice
2) abdo cramps and vomiting within 5 hours, watery diarrhoea in 8
3) 24 hours
Staph aureus toxin
What symptoms does this GE cause and why
How quickly does it start/ resolve?
symptoms of diarrhoea, PERFUSE vomiting, abdo cramps and fever within hours of ingestion (enterotoxins cause small intestine inflammation)
Resolves in 12-24 hours
Giardia lamblia
1) pathogen type?
2) route of transmission?
3) diagnosis?
4) symptoms?
5) treatment?
1) parasite
2) faecal-oral
3) stool microscopy
4) asymptomatic or chronic diarrrhoea
5) metronidazole
Ix in GE?
stool culture, microscopy, senisitivites
how long should GE patients stay off school/ work?
48 hours after their symptoms have completely resolved
are antidiarrhoeal medications e.g. loperamide and antiemetics indicated in GE?
not generally (may be useful in mild-mod symptoms)
antidiarrhoeals should be avoided in what causes of GE?
E coli 0157, shigella, where there is bloody diarrhoea or high fever
commonest cause of traveller’s diarrhoea?
E coli
🐛 ?
Common amongst travellers
Watery stools
Abdominal cramps and nausea
E coli
🐛 ?
Prolonged, non-bloody diarrhoea
Giardiasis
🐛 ?
Profuse, rice water diarrhoea
Severe dehydration resulting in weight loss, hypoglycaemia
Not common amongst travellers
cholera
🐛 ?
Bloody diarrhoea
Vomiting and abdominal pain
Shigella
🐛 ?
Severe vomiting
Short incubation period
Staph aureus
🐛 ?
A flu-like prodrome is usually followed by crampy abdominal pains, fever and diarrhoea which may be bloody
Campylobacter jejuni
🐛 ?
May mimic appendicitis
Complications include Guillain-Barre syndrome
Campylobacter jejuni
🐛 ?
vomiting within 6 hours, stereotypically due to rice
diarrhoeal illness occurring after 6 hours
Bacillus cereus
🐛 ?
Gradual onset bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain and tenderness which may last for several weeks
Amoebiasis
🐛 ?
Incubation period 1-6 hrs: 12-48 hrs: 48-72 hrs: > 7 days:
1-6 hrs: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus*
12-48 hrs: Salmonella, Escherichia coli
48-72 hrs: Shigella, Campylobacter
> 7 days: Giardiasis, Amoebiasis
