Gastroduodenal Tumors Flashcards
most common benign tumor of the stomach
Epithelial polyps
most common gastric polyp
Hyperplastic (regenerative
Three most common primary malignant gastric neoplasms
Adenocarcinoma (95%)
Lymphoma (4%)
Malignant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) (1%)
most common genetic abnormalities in sporadic gastric cancer affect
p53 and COX-2 genes
Most common precursor of gastric CA the intestinal subtype
Atrophic Gastritis
common cell type arising in the stomach
Epithelial cell stromal GIST
most common site of duodenal CA
duodenal bulb
most common mesenchymal tumors in the small intestine
GI stromal tumors (GIST)
Five types of benign epithelial polyps
adenomatous, hyperplastic (regenerative), hamartomatous, inflammatory, and heterotopic
largest artery of the stomach
left gastric
where most of gastric CA arises
pyloric antrum
type of polyp that may undergo malignant transformation
adenomatous polyp
Benign submucosal fatty tumors that are usually asymptomatic, found incidentally on upper GI series or esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
lipoma
4 subtypes of gastric ca
polypoid
fungating
ulcerative
scirrhous
common presentation of Scirrhous type
Linitis Plasctica
gold standard for diagnostic evaluation of gastric ca
UGIE
to demonstrate the depth of the tumor in terms of its involvement in relation to the layers of abdominal wall; more sensitive than CT scan in local staging;
Endoscopic UTZ
• Generally accepted universal precursor to gastric adenocarcinoma
Dysplasia
Examines extent of invasion of tumor and involvement of lymph nodes
EUS (Endoscopic Ultrasonography
BEST WAY to stage tumor LOCALLY because it has 80% validity in assessing depth of tumor penetration
EUS (Endoscopic Ultrasonography)
when is PET scan best used
If gastric CA has distant mestatasis
Gold standard treatment for gastric Ca
Radical Subtotal Gastrectomy For Gastric Cancer
INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY IN ADVANCE STAGE GASTRIC CANCER
- Perforation
- Obstruction
- Bleeding needing continuous transfusion
mode of spread of gastric leiomyosarcoma
BLoodstream
Malignant tumor of the smooth muscle
GASTRIC LEIOMYOSARCOMA
where ampulla of vater is located in the duodenum
descending limb
hypersecrete histamine
Enterochromaffin like cells (ecl)
Patient swallows a capsule equipped with a camera which record images of the intestines
Capsule endoscopy
Visualize layers of intestinal wall involved by the lesion
Endoscopic Ultrasound
Whipple’s operation – resection of the
Head of pancreas Distal stomach Duodenum Gallbladder Common bile duct
gold standard test for helicobacter pylori
Histologic examination of an antral mucosal biopsy using special stains
Useful in the evaluation of the patient with anomalous epigastric symptoms
Antrooduodenal Motility Testing and Electrogastrography
alternative to Imatinib
Sunitinib
tyrosine kinase inhibito
Imatinib
lymphoma mostly occurs in the
ileum because it has the highest conc of lymphoid tissue
most common site of GIST
stomach, SI 2nd
classification of adenoma
tubula
villous
tubulovillous
most agressive classificaiton of adenoma
villous
high risk of developing hamartomatous polyps (have potentially malignant adenomatous foci)
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
