Gastro Perforations Flashcards
What is peritonitis?
Inflammation of the peritoneum
Peritonitis can result from various causes, including infection and perforation.
What is the first step in the management of acute abdomen?
ABCDE Assessment (if stable proceed)
This assessment helps to prioritize immediate medical needs.
List three symptoms of acute abdomen.
- Severe pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fever
Additional symptoms can include bowel changes, chills, and malaise.
What are the examination findings indicative of acute abdomen?
- Abdominal distention
- Tenderness to palpate on rigidity
- Rebound pain and guarding
- Less or absent bowel sounds
These findings help in diagnosing the underlying issue.
What imaging techniques are used to rule out pneumoperitoneum?
Erect CXR or AXR
These imaging methods can help visualize the presence of air in the peritoneal cavity.
What is the definition of pneumoperitoneum?
Presence of air/gas within the peritoneal cavity
This condition often requires immediate attention in cases of acute abdomen.
Name one cause of pneumoperitoneum.
- Perforated Peptic ulcer
Other causes include perforated appendicitis, perforated diverticulitis, and small bowel perforation.
If pneumoperitoneum is absent, what condition should be considered?
Peritonitis with clinical investigations
Clinical investigations can include lab tests and imaging to confirm diagnosis.
What is the treatment for pneumoperitoneum?
Surgery - exploratory laparotomy to repair perforated viscera
This surgical intervention is typically necessary to address the underlying cause.
