Gastro Part 1 Flashcards
How is food broken down for digestion?
Chewing/ swallowing (enzyme: amylase from salivary glands), gastric secretions (enzyme: pepsin from gastric mucosa).
Which enzymes aid in absorption in the small intestine?
Trypsin, lipase, and amylase.
What does PQRST stand for:
Provoking/ Relieving, Quality, Region and Radiation, Severity, Time.
Also known as indigestion, associated with eating, most often described as “heartburn” but can include bloating, epigastric discomfort, fullness, and regurgitation.
Dyspepsia
What is the technical term for heartburn?
Pyrosis
During Auscultation what is considered Normoactive:
5 - 34 “gurgling sounds per minute.
During Auscultation what is considered Hyperactive:
> 35 gurgling sounds per minute.
During Auscultation what is considered Hypoactive:
< 5 gurgling sound per minute, must count for a total of 2 minutes if concerned.
What type of Endoscopic study is this considered?
What part of the GI is it studying?
Fluoroscopic camera for close visualization of esophageal, gastric, and duodenal function.
EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Upper GI
What type of Endoscopic study is this?
What part of the GI is it studying?
Visualization of the anus, rectum, sigmoid, transcending and ascending colon.
Fiber optic colonoscopy
Lower GI
For an EDG -
The patient should be fasted for _____.
Procedure takes about ______ and the recovery time is _______.
- NPO for at least 8 hours.
- Moderately sedated.
- Procedure takes about 30 minutes and patient recovery time varies between 30-60 minutes.
Post op complications for an EGD include:
Esophageal perforation - (increased pain, bleeding (VS: decreasing BP, HR elevating), unusual difficulty swallowing, rapidly elevating temperature).
For a Colonoscopy:
The patient is placed on a clear liquid diet or low residue diet ______ prior to exam.
The patient is given a bowel prep with ______. This is done ______ prior to procedure.
The procedure takes ______ and the recovery time is ______.
- Placed on clear liquids or low residue diet a day prior.
- Given a bowel prep (GoLytely, CoLyte, or other saline prep) 24-48 hours prior until output is clear with minimal residue.
- Moderately sedated with drugs like midazolam or propofol.
- Procedure takes approx. 1 hour and recovery time varies from 30-60 minutes.
Colonoscopy post op procedural complications include:
Bowel Perforation
Motility disorders (achalasia), hiatal hernia, diverticula, perforation, FB, chemical burns, GERD, BE, benign tumors and carcinoma are all disorders of the:
Disorders of the Esophagus
What disease is described as usually the result of repeated exposure to stomach acid. It’s most often diagnosed in people with long-term gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Barrett Esophagus (BE)
Odynophagia:
Acute pain on swallowing.
The following are all symptoms of_____
Pyrosis (heartburn), regurgitation, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), vague symptoms of intermittent epigastric pain, fullness after eating, many patients are asymptomatic.
Hiatal Hernia
What disorder is described as:
A common disorder marked by backflow of gastric duodenal contents in the esophagus that causes troublesome symptoms and/ or mucosal injury to the esophagus.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Conditions that increases incidence of GERD:
Increases with age; irritable bowel syndrome and obstructive airway disorders (asthma, COPD, Cystic fibrosis); BE, peptic ulcer disease, and angina.
Which PPI medications are first line for GERD:
Pantoprazole, Omeprazole, Esmoprazole, or Lansoprazole.
What Histamine H2 blockers are commonly used for GERD:
Famotadine and Cimetidine
Enteral Nutrition is required when:
Required when the esophagus and / or stomach need to be bypassed or when the patient is at high risk of aspiration.
How often do PEG tubes need to be replaced?
Can last 1-2 years but optimally function needs replacing every 3-6 months.
