Gastro Part 1

Question 1

How is food broken down for digestion?

Answer 1

Chewing/ swallowing (enzyme: amylase from salivary glands), gastric secretions (enzyme: pepsin from gastric mucosa).

Question 2

Which enzymes aid in absorption in the small intestine?

Answer 2

Trypsin, lipase, and amylase.

Question 3

What does PQRST stand for:

Answer 3

Provoking/ Relieving, Quality, Region and Radiation, Severity, Time.

Question 4

Also known as indigestion, associated with eating, most often described as “heartburn” but can include bloating, epigastric discomfort, fullness, and regurgitation.

Answer 4

Dyspepsia

Question 5

What is the technical term for heartburn?

Answer 5

Pyrosis

Question 6

During Auscultation what is considered Normoactive:

Answer 6

5 - 34 “gurgling sounds per minute.

Question 7

During Auscultation what is considered Hyperactive:

Answer 7

> 35 gurgling sounds per minute.

Question 8

During Auscultation what is considered Hypoactive:

Answer 8

< 5 gurgling sound per minute, must count for a total of 2 minutes if concerned.

Question 9

What type of Endoscopic study is this considered?
What part of the GI is it studying?

Fluoroscopic camera for close visualization of esophageal, gastric, and duodenal function.

Answer 9

EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Upper GI

Question 10

What type of Endoscopic study is this?
What part of the GI is it studying?

Visualization of the anus, rectum, sigmoid, transcending and ascending colon.

Answer 10

Fiber optic colonoscopy

Lower GI

Question 11

For an EDG -
The patient should be fasted for _____.
Procedure takes about ______ and the recovery time is _______.

Answer 11

• NPO for at least 8 hours.
• Moderately sedated.
• Procedure takes about 30 minutes and patient recovery time varies between 30-60 minutes.

Question 12

Post op complications for an EGD include:

Answer 12

Esophageal perforation - (increased pain, bleeding (VS: decreasing BP, HR elevating), unusual difficulty swallowing, rapidly elevating temperature).

Question 13

For a Colonoscopy:
The patient is placed on a clear liquid diet or low residue diet ______ prior to exam.
The patient is given a bowel prep with ______. This is done ______ prior to procedure.

The procedure takes ______ and the recovery time is ______.

Answer 13

• Placed on clear liquids or low residue diet a day prior.
• Given a bowel prep (GoLytely, CoLyte, or other saline prep) 24-48 hours prior until output is clear with minimal residue.
• Moderately sedated with drugs like midazolam or propofol.
• Procedure takes approx. 1 hour and recovery time varies from 30-60 minutes.

Question 14

Colonoscopy post op procedural complications include:

Answer 14

Bowel Perforation

Question 15

Motility disorders (achalasia), hiatal hernia, diverticula, perforation, FB, chemical burns, GERD, BE, benign tumors and carcinoma are all disorders of the:

Answer 15

Disorders of the Esophagus

Question 16

What disease is described as usually the result of repeated exposure to stomach acid. It’s most often diagnosed in people with long-term gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer 16

Barrett Esophagus (BE)

Question 17

Odynophagia:

Answer 17

Acute pain on swallowing.

Question 18

The following are all symptoms of_____

Pyrosis (heartburn), regurgitation, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), vague symptoms of intermittent epigastric pain, fullness after eating, many patients are asymptomatic.

Answer 18

Hiatal Hernia

Question 19

What disorder is described as:

A common disorder marked by backflow of gastric duodenal contents in the esophagus that causes troublesome symptoms and/ or mucosal injury to the esophagus.

Answer 19

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Question 20

Conditions that increases incidence of GERD:

Answer 20

Increases with age; irritable bowel syndrome and obstructive airway disorders (asthma, COPD, Cystic fibrosis); BE, peptic ulcer disease, and angina.

Question 21

Which PPI medications are first line for GERD:

Answer 21

Pantoprazole, Omeprazole, Esmoprazole, or Lansoprazole.

Question 22

What Histamine H2 blockers are commonly used for GERD:

Answer 22

Famotadine and Cimetidine

Question 23

Enteral Nutrition is required when:

Answer 23

Required when the esophagus and / or stomach need to be bypassed or when the patient is at high risk of aspiration.

Question 24

How often do PEG tubes need to be replaced?

Answer 24

Can last 1-2 years but optimally function needs replacing every 3-6 months.