Gastro-intestinal Flashcards
Constipation accompanied by weight and appetite loss may indicate ____
Carcinoma - this is a referral criteria
Aluminium causes _____
Magnesium causes ______
(Diarrhoea/constipation)
a) Constipation
b) Diarrhoea
1st line DRUG treatment for constipation
Bulk-forming
Osmotic laxatives may take ____ to work
2-3 days
Bulk forming laxatives may take up to____ to reach full effect
72 hours
some effect may be seen within 24 hours
This class of laxative has the fastest onset of action
Stimulant laxatives (6 - 12 hours)
Advise patients to have adequate fluid intake with _____ laxatives
Bulk forming laxatives (risk of obstruction)
Senna and bisacodyl are examples of what type of laxative
Stimulant laxatives
Which laxative may colour the urine a yellow-brown/red colour
Senna
Signs of dehydration include (4 points)
Dry skin
Sunken eyes
Drowsiness
Reduced urine output
Loperamide is not recommended for children under _____
12 years old
True or false: Loperamide is safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding
FALSE - Loperamide is not recommended in pregnancy and breastfeeding
Why should patients presenting with heartburn be referred if they report pain that radiates to the back and the arms?
Symptoms of dyspepsia can mimic a heart attack
Refer patients over ____ with new or recent onset of dyspepsia
55 years old
____ form a raft that sits on the surface of stomach contents and prevents reflux
Alginates
H2 receptor antagonists can be used for a maximum of _____ days when supplied OTC
14 days
Orlistat is indicated for weight loss in adults (18+) with a BMI of ______
≥ 28 kg/m^2
The recommended dose of orlistat is:
60 mg (one capsule) tds Taken during or up to one hour after each main meal.
True or false: the dose of orlistat can be taken if a meal is missed
FALSE - omit the dose if a meal is missed or contains no fat
True or false: Dietary advice in combination with a laxative is first line for constipation in children
TRUE
(BNFc) Dietary advice alone is not sufficient in children
Children under 12 should be referred to a prescriber
Stimulant laxatives should not be sold OTC to those under _______ years old
18 years old
MHRA 2020
A BMI of > ______ kg/m^2 is considered obese
BMI > 30 = obese
25 - 29.9 = overweight
