Gastro-intestinal

Question 1

Constipation accompanied by weight and appetite loss may indicate ____

Answer 1

Carcinoma - this is a referral criteria

Question 2

Aluminium causes _____
Magnesium causes ______

(Diarrhoea/constipation)

Answer 2

a) Constipation

b) Diarrhoea

Question 3

1st line DRUG treatment for constipation

Answer 3

Bulk-forming

Question 4

Osmotic laxatives may take ____ to work

Answer 4

2-3 days

Question 5

Bulk forming laxatives may take up to____ to reach full effect

Answer 5

72 hours

some effect may be seen within 24 hours

Question 6

This class of laxative has the fastest onset of action

Answer 6

Stimulant laxatives (6 - 12 hours)

Question 7

Advise patients to have adequate fluid intake with _____ laxatives

Answer 7

Bulk forming laxatives (risk of obstruction)

Question 8

Senna and bisacodyl are examples of what type of laxative

Answer 8

Stimulant laxatives

Question 9

Which laxative may colour the urine a yellow-brown/red colour

Answer 9

Senna

Question 10

Signs of dehydration include (4 points)

Answer 10

Dry skin
Sunken eyes
Drowsiness
Reduced urine output

Question 11

Loperamide is not recommended for children under _____

Answer 11

12 years old

Question 12

True or false: Loperamide is safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding

Answer 12

FALSE - Loperamide is not recommended in pregnancy and breastfeeding

Question 13

Why should patients presenting with heartburn be referred if they report pain that radiates to the back and the arms?

Answer 13

Symptoms of dyspepsia can mimic a heart attack

Question 14

Refer patients over ____ with new or recent onset of dyspepsia

Answer 14

55 years old

Question 15

____ form a raft that sits on the surface of stomach contents and prevents reflux

Answer 15

Alginates

Question 16

H2 receptor antagonists can be used for a maximum of _____ days when supplied OTC

Answer 16

14 days

Question 17

Orlistat is indicated for weight loss in adults (18+) with a BMI of ______

Answer 17

≥ 28 kg/m^2

Question 18

The recommended dose of orlistat is:

Answer 18

60 mg (one capsule) tds
Taken during or up to one hour after each main meal.

Question 19

True or false: the dose of orlistat can be taken if a meal is missed

Answer 19

FALSE - omit the dose if a meal is missed or contains no fat

Question 20

True or false: Dietary advice in combination with a laxative is first line for constipation in children

Answer 20

TRUE
(BNFc) Dietary advice alone is not sufficient in children
Children under 12 should be referred to a prescriber

Question 21

Stimulant laxatives should not be sold OTC to those under _______ years old

Answer 21

18 years old

MHRA 2020

Question 22

A BMI of > ______ kg/m^2 is considered obese

Answer 22

BMI > 30 = obese

25 - 29.9 = overweight