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Gastro Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption site of Iron?

A

Duodenum & proximal jejunum

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2
Q

Absorption site for Vitamin B 12 &Bile salt ?

A

Terminal ileum

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3
Q

Factors that inhibit Gastric acid secretion ?

A

/ Somatostatin
/ CCK
/ Secretin
/ VIP
/ GIP
/ GLP-1

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4
Q

Name the satiety centre?

A

Ventromedial nucleus of Hypothalamus

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5
Q

Name the feeding centre?

A

Lateral hypothalamic area

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6
Q

Location of parietal cell?

A

Gastric body & secrets HCl & Intrinsic factor

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7
Q

Location of chief cell?

A

Gastric body & secretes Pepsinogen

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8
Q

Location of G cell?

A

Gastric antrum & secretes Gastrin

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9
Q

Hormones that modulate satiety?

A
  1. CCK
  2. Peptide YY
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10
Q

Hormones that enhanced satiety?

A
  1. GIP
  2. GLP-1
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11
Q

Hormones that stimulate appetite ?

A
  1. Ghrelin
  2. Neuropeptide Y
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12
Q

Hormones that decrease appetite ?

A
  1. Leptin
  2. Propiomelanocortin (POMC)
  3. Insulin
  4. GLP 1
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13
Q

Factors that Increase HCl secretion?

A
  1. Gastrin
  2. Ghrelin
  3. Acetylcholine
  4. Histamine
  5. Gastric distension
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14
Q

Factors that decrease HCl secretion ?

A
  1. CCK
  2. Secretin
  3. Somatostatin
  4. GIP
  5. GLP 1
  6. Low pH
  7. VIP
  8. Atropine
  9. Prostaglandin
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15
Q

Substance that are absorbed by Na+ dependent co transport ?

A
  • Glucose / Galactose
  • Amino acid
  • Water soluble vitamins
  • Bile acid
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16
Q

What are the GI Neurocrines ?

A
  1. VIP
  2. Neuropeptide Y
  3. NO
  4. GRP (Bombesin)
  5. Enkephalins
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17
Q

How glucose is transported from intestinal lumen to cell?

A

By Na+ dependent co transport (SGLT 1)

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18
Q

How glucose is absorbed from cell to blood?

A

By facilitated diffusion

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19
Q

Key stimulus for Gastric secretion?

A

Gastrin, Histamin & Acetylcholine

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20
Q

Hydrogen ion and Chloride ions are secreted from?

A

Apical membrane of gastric parietal cell into the lumen of the stomach by a Hydrogen-Potassium adenosine triphosphate (ATPase) ( Proton pump )

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21
Q

Which gland secretes ghrelin?

A

Oxyntic gland

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22
Q

What are the protective factors of Gastroduodenal mucosa?

A
  1. Bicarbonate ions, stimulated by Prostaglandin
  2. Mucin
  3. Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptide
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23
Q

Extension of Jejunum ?

A

It extends from the ligament of treitz to the ileocaecal valve

24
Q

What are the dietary fat consist of ?

A

Dietery lipid comprises of
1. Long chain triglyceride
2. Cholesterol esters &
3. Lecithin

25
Q

What are the receptors on Enterochromaffin like cell ?

26
Q

Receptors on parietal cell ?

A
  1. H2 receptor ( bind histamin )
  2. Ach-R (M3)
  3. CCK-2R (Bind gsstrin)
27
Q

Paneth cell is seen in the histology of ?

A

Small intestine

28
Q

Steps of fat digestion ?

A
  1. Luminal phase
  2. Fat solubilization
  3. Digestion
  4. Absorption
  5. Re-esterification
  6. Transport
29
Q

Neural control of salivary gland ?

A

Stimulated by : Parasympathetic & sympathetic nervous system

Inhibited by : Sleep, dehydration & Atropine

30
Q

What are the constituents of Bile?

A
  1. Bile salt
  2. Phospholipid
  3. Cholesterol
  4. Bile pigment
31
Q

Properties of Saliva ?

A
  1. High in K+, HCO3-
  2. Low Na+, Cl-
  3. Hypotonic
  4. High volume
  5. Formed by parotid, submandibular & sublingual gland
32
Q

1st line defence of small intestine ?

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Mucin
  3. Antibacterial products : defensin & immunoglobulin
33
Q

Gastrointestinal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) constitute —————- % of total lymphatic tissue of the body?

34
Q

Dysbiosis is associated with ?

A
  1. IBD
  2. Colorectal cancer
  3. Hepatocelluar carcinoma
  4. DM
  5. Obesity
  6. Cardiovascular disease
  7. Cerebrovascular disease
  8. Asthma
35
Q

Functions of Parasympathetic pathways on GI system ?

A
  1. Increase smooth muscle tone
  2. Promote sphincter relaxation
36
Q

Function of sympathetic pathways on GI system ?

A
  1. Reduce smooth muscle tone
  2. Stimulate sphincter contraction
37
Q

Hormones acting on pancreatic acinus ?

A
  1. CCK
  2. Secretin
  3. VIP
  4. Acetylcholine
  5. Bombesin
  6. Substance P
38
Q

Hormone that act on pancreatic ductule?

39
Q

Motor control of Enteric nervous system ?

A

Myenteric plexus (Aurbach’s plexus)

40
Q

Secretory control of ENS ?

A

Submucosal plexus (Meissner’s plexus)

41
Q

Secretory control of ENS ?

A

Submucosal plexus (Meissner’s plexus)

42
Q

Neurotransmitters that act in enteric nervous system?

A
  1. Acetylcholine
  2. Nor adrenaline
  3. 5-HT
  4. Nitric oxide
  5. Substance P
  6. Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)
43
Q

What is called the pacemaker of GUT?

A

Interstitial cell of cajal in the circular layer of smooth muscle , act as the pacemaker of the gut.

44
Q

Gut Hormone that causes Acute watery diarrhea ?

45
Q

Most potent stimulus for Gastrin secretion ?

A

Phenylalanine & Tryptophan

46
Q

Gut Hormone that is homologous with Gastrin?

A

CCK ( Five C terminal peptide are same as Gastrin )

47
Q

Gut hormone that is homologous with glucagon ?

48
Q

Origin of gastrin ?

A

Predominantly stomach ( G cell )

49
Q

Origin of Somatostatin ?

A

Throughout the GI tract ( D cell )

50
Q

Origin of VIP ?

A

Nerve fibres throughout the GI tract

51
Q

Stimulus for Peptide YY secretion ?

52
Q

Gut hormone that has vasodilator action?

53
Q

Gut Hormone that stimulate insulin release ?

A

GIP & GLP-1

54
Q

Gut hormone that is secreted by stimulus of Carbohydrates , protein and fat ?

55
Q

Gut hormone that regulate migrating motor complex ?

Medicine (9 decks)

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