cardiac physiology Flashcards
vessels that are considered as primary resistance vesseles ?
arterioles
3rd heart sound produced which phase of the cardiac cycle?
rapid ventricular filling
in right dominant person posterior descending artery originated from?
right coronary artery
notched p wave in ecg indicates ?
left atrial enlargement
the ventricles completely depolarized which portion of the ecg?
ST segment
myocardial contractility best correlated with which ion?
ca+
carbon di oxide regulates blood flow to which organ?
Brain
cardiac output of the right side of the heart is what percentage of the cardiac output of left side of the heart?
50%? 75?% or more?
100%
blood flow to which organ primarily controlled by sympathetic nervous system, not by metabolites?
Skin
cause of wide splitting S2
RBBB,pulmonary stenosis
can you say few causes of increased pressure in the right atrium?
tricuspid stenosis, Right ventricular failure, Cardiac tamponade
cause of slow rising pulse?
AS
cause of jerky pulse ?
HOCM
cause of pulsus alternans?
severe LVF,AR
cause of palpable S1?
mitral stenosis
cause of papable p2?
pulmonary HTN
cause of displaced or thrusting apex beat?
MR/AR
cause of discrete or heaving apex beat?
AS,HTN
cause of bounding pulse?
hyperdynamic circulation(anaemia,oregnancy,thyrotoxicosis)
cause of wide pulse pressure?
thyrotoxicosis, destructive sleep apnoea,arteriosclerosis,ASD,PDA
cause of narrow pulse pressure?
dengue,AS,cardiac tamponade,shock
during sleep cardiac output decreases?T/F
F ..no change
which organ has highest blood flow?
LIver,if you consider per 100gm then kidney
most permeable portion of the microcirculation?
Post capillary venules
cause of giant A wave in jvp?
tricuspid stenosis
cause of cannon A wave in jvp?
complete heart block
cause of giant V wave?
Tricuspid regurgitation
which enzyme breaks down ANP,BNP?
neprilysin
from where neprilysin is produced ?
Kidney
the predominant effect of sympathetic stimulation is 1.vasoconstriction 2.vasodialation
2
during inspiration JVP rises or falls?
falls
does second heart sound fuse during inspiration?
no, splits
during inspiration blood pressure falls upto 10 mmhg..T/F?
True
which condition can cause pulsus paradoxus?
phy:pregnancy,extreme obesity
resp:COPD,asthma,tension pneumothorax
cardiac: pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, restrictive cardiomyopathy
what is the main indication of ambulatory ECG?
suspected arrythmia
what can be the cause of 4th heart sound?
severe left ventricular hypertrophy
can you guess a situation when atrial contraction becomes more important than ventricular filling?
during high heart rate, because of reduced diastolic filling time
what are present in veins to prevent reflux of blood?
valves
what is another word for myocardial wall stress?
afterload
what part of the renal artery will atherosclerosis occur?
proximal
which sign you will find in the cxray of COA?
3 sign
as arteries get smaller the velocity increases or decrease?
decreases
which one is more potent? NO or PGI2 ?
NO
angiotensin is a vasoconstrictor or dialator ?
vasoconstrictor
what is the first artery off to aorta ?
coronary artery
where is the eustachian valve located?
inferior venacava
blood flow is inversely proportional to ?
viscosity and length of the vessel
which layer of blood vessel thicker in arteries ?
media
which layer of blood vessel thicker in veins ?
adventitia
which vesseles have the greatest surface area for exchange?
capillaries
the atria and ventricles separated by?
annulus fibrosus
