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CCT > GASTRO > Flashcards

GASTRO Flashcards

1
Q

Oesophageal cancer

Description and clinical features

A

squamous or adenocarcinoma. Poor prognosis. Local spread more than mets. Characterised by progressive dysphagia

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2
Q

Oesophageal ulcer

(description + CFs)

A

rare but often fatal. Side effect of slow release potassium tablets (hence use soluble instead). Characterised by sudden pain.

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3
Q

Oesophageal stricture

(description + CFs)

A

characterised by dysphagia

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4
Q

Oseophageal candidiasis

(description + CFs)

A

thrush, common in immunosuppression but can happen to anyone. Causes painful dysphagia and may have oral thrush

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5
Q

Oesophageal dysmotility

(description + CFs)

A

is a functional problem. Symptoms include dysphagia and pain.

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6
Q

Oesophageal varices

(description + CFs)

A

dilated veins at the jn btw portal and systemic venous systems. Usually caused by portal HTN. There might be no symptoms/haematemesis/death.

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7
Q

Barrett’s oesophagus

(description + CFs)

A

normal distal squamous epithelial lining has been replaced by metaplastic columnar epithelium. Caused by GORD. No symptoms but increased risk of cancer.

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8
Q

Oesophageal perforation

(description + CFs)

A

Usually caused by surgical procedures. First symptom is pain and causes internal blood loss.

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9
Q

Hiatus hernia

(description + CFs)

A

A hiatus hernia describes the protrusion of an organ from the abdominal cavity into the thorax through the oesophageal hiatus, typically the stomach. Burning epigastric pain, which is made worse by lying flat.

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10
Q

Causes of Oesophageal Weakness

description and clinical features

A

could be muscular cause (muscular dystrophy) or neurological (guillain-barre syndrome, stroke, cancer) or injury

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11
Q

Gastritis

description and clinical features

A

caused by infection, acid, stress, H. pylori. There can be no symptoms but can also have pain, nausea and vomiting.

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12
Q

Gastric cancer

description and clinical features

A

carcinoma/adenocarcinoma. Some may be lymphomas.

Symptoms: loss of appetite, WL, dypepsia, nausea, vomiting

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13
Q

Common Bile duct inflammation

description and clinical features

A

cholangits, usually polymicrobial infection, often caused by obstruction (stone/cancer) or by ERCP.

Charcout’s triad: RUQ pain, fever and jaundice. Very unwell.

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14
Q

What is obstruction of common bile duct by a stone called

A

choledocholithiasis

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15
Q

What is cancer of the common bile duct called and what are the symptoms?

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

Jaundice, WL, anorexia, abdo pain

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16
Q

What type of cancer affects the ampulla of vater and symptoms

A

cholangiocarcinoma. Prognosis is a bit better than other periampullary cancers (other cholangiocarcinoma or pancrea ca)

17
Q

Pancreatic cancer

description + symptoms

A

Mostly adenocarcinoma.

Symptoms: head of pancreas (painless, progressive, obstructive jaundice)

Body and tail of pancreas: non-specific pain and weight loss

18
Q

Acute pancreatitis

description + symptoms

A

acute inflammation of the pancreas, releasing exocrine enzymes that cause autodigestion of the organ.

Acute vomiting, severe LUQ pain/radiation to back, upper abdo tenderness, sometimes guarding. Can cause shock.

Diagnosis: serum amylase 3x normal (but serum lipase more sensitive and specific)

19
Q

Chronic pancreatitis

description + symptoms

A

causes permanent damage. Abdo pain and loss of pancreatic fn.

Severe epigastric pain radiating to back, N&V, decreased appetite, exocrine dysfn, malabsorption + WL, steatorrhea. Can lead to DM.

20
Q

Coeliac disease

description + symptoms

A

Immune mediated gluten intolerance. Causes subtotal villous atrophy of small bowel and malabsorption

Often diagnosed after years of symptoms. Symptoms include abdo pain, WL, iron/B12/folate deficiency, IBS symptoms, diarrhea, mouth ulcers.

21
Q

Small bowel obstruction

description + symptoms

A

could be caused by adhesions/intussuception. Abdo pain and bloating, vomiting. Increased bowel sends and then absent bowel sounds.

22
Q

PROCHLORPERAZINE

A
23
Q

CYCLIZINE

A
24
Q

METACLOPRAMIDE

A
25
Q

ORDANSENTRON

A
26
Q

MACROGOL (MOVICOL)

A
27
Q

DOCUSATE

A
28
Q

GLYCERIN SUPPOSITORY

A
29
Q

PHOSPHATE ENEMA

A
30
Q

GAVISCON

A
31
Q

RANITIDINE

A
32
Q

LOPERAMIDE

A
33
Q

HYOSCINE

A
34
Q

MEBEVERINE

A
35
Q

SULFASALAZINE/MESALAZINE

A
36
Q

AZATHIOPRINE

A

CCT (4 decks)

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