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CCT > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Who should be assessed for CV Risk?

A

Age>40, borderline hypertension, CKD, T2DM, FH of CVD, severe psoriasis, RA, mental health, SLE, migraines+aura, erectile drugs.

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2
Q

Who should be assumed high risk and should not get scored?

A

T1DM, CVD, >85y, familial hyperlipidaemia.

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3
Q

What goes into Q-Risk calculation?

A

age, gender, BMI, ethnicity, postcode, smoking status, PMH, FH, BP, TC:HDL.

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4
Q

How do you manage QRISK <10%?

A

lifestyle advice, review other comorbidities and treatment. Repeat in 5 years.

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5
Q

How do you manage QRISK >10%?

A

lifestyle advice + atorvastatin 20 mg

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6
Q

Treatment for T1DM w/out established CVD?

A

Offer atorvastatin 20mg if over 40y/o, DM for >10y, nephropathy or other CVD risk factors. Consider for everyone else.

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7
Q

Treatment for T1DM with CVD?

A

Offer atorvastatin 80mg

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8
Q

Managing >85y/o?

A

consider risk benefit

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9
Q

Mgt of familial hyperlipidaemia?

A

specialist care

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10
Q

CKD 3-5 or (ACR) >3 mgt?

A

atorvastatin 20mg

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11
Q

established CVD mgt?

A

atorvastatin 80mg

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12
Q

When do you initiate antihypertensive treatment?

A

EITHER stage 1 hypertension and end organ damage/CVD risk >20% OR Stage 2/Severe HT.

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13
Q

Step 1 Antihypertensive treatment for someone aged <55 years?

A

ACE inhibitor

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14
Q

Step 1 Antihypertensive treatment for someone aged >55 years or Black?

A

CCB (give thiazide diuretic like indapamide instead if HF)

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15
Q

Step 2 anti-hypertensive treatment?

A

ACE-I + CCB

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16
Q

Step 3 anti-hypertensive treatment?

A

ACE-I+CCB+Indapamide

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17
Q

Precaution with adding diuretic in step 2 anti-hypertensive treatment?

A

if they use beta blockers could increase risk of diabetes.

18
Q

Step 4 anti-hypertensive treatment?

A

step 3 plus low dose spironolactone (if K<45) or alpha blocker or beta blocker.

19
Q

When would you consider a beta blocker in young people?

A

can’t use ACE-i, non menopausal women and increased sympathetic drive.

20
Q

When do you refer for ambulatory BP Monitory?

A

if BP >140/90 at clinic

21
Q

Investigations for end organ damage in people with suspected hypertension?

A

Urine (haematuria and ACR)
ECG
Fundoscopy
Bloods (gluc, U&Es, eGFR, cholesterol)

22
Q

When do you do investigations for end organ damage?

A

If BP >140/90 at clinic

23
Q

Normal ABPM reading and management?

A

<135/85. Monitor every 5 years (if above 60 then yearly monitoring)

24
Q

Stage 1 Hypertension values?

A

> 140/90 (ABPM >135/85)

25
Q

Stage 2 Hypertension values?

A

> 160/100 (ABPM >150/95)

26
Q

Severe hypertension values?

A

> 180/110

27
Q

How would you manage a S1 HT patient aged <40 years with no evidence of organ damage, CV/renal disease or diabetes?

A

Seek specialist help for secondary causes of hypertension

28
Q

What would make you offer anti hypertensive drug treatment to a patient under the age of 80 with S1 HT?

A 
if they have:
target organ damage
CVD
Renal disease
Diabetes
QRISK >20%
29
Q

Management for S2 HT?

A

offer anti-hypertensive drug treatment

30
Q

Management for severe hypertension?

A

consider starting anti hypertensive therapy immediately.

31
Q

When do you refer severe hypertension to specialist care?

A

if they have:
accelerated HT (>180/110) + retinopathy
Suspected phaechromocytoma

32
Q

Guideline for alcohol intake?

A

14 units per week with no more than 3 units per session.

33
Q

Secondary causes of hypertension?

A

OSA, hyperthyroid, hypothyroid, conn’s, cushing’s, phaeochromocytoma, RAS, CKD.
DRUGS: NSAIDS, Illegal drugs, caffeine, OCP

34
Q

What would be first line for a patient with hypertension and diabetes and why?

A

ACE-I because it’s cardio and renal protective

35
Q

1st line treatment for patient with HT and CKD?

A

ACE-I (cardio and renal protective)

36
Q

1st line treatment for a pt. with HT and HF

A

ACE-I (cardio and renal protective)

37
Q

1st line treatment for a pt. with hypertension and coronary artery disease?

A

beta blockers to reduce cardiac load

38
Q

1st line treatment for a pt. with HT and AF

A

CCB and beta blocker for rate control

39
Q

1st line treatment for a pt. with HT and BPH?

A

doxasozin

40
Q

1st line treatment for a pt. with HT and Raynaud’s disease?

A

CCB for vasodilation

CCT (4 decks)

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