Gastro

Question 1

Which chromosome is the APC gene located?

Answer 1

Chromosome 5

Question 2

Which antibody is associated with autoimmune hepatitis?

Answer 2

IgG

Question 3

What is the pathological process seen in hepatocytes in fulminant hepatitis?

Answer 3

Necrosis

Question 4

What is the pathological process seen in hepatocytes in viral hepatitis?

Answer 4

Apoptosis

Question 5

How is the synthetic function of the liver measured?

Answer 5

prothrombin time
Albumin level

Question 6

Which HLAs are associated with Coeliac disease?

Answer 6

HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8

Question 7

What are the complications of Coeliacs disease?

Answer 7

Anaemia: iron, folate and B12 deficiency
Hyposplenism
Osteoporosis
T Cell lymphoma
Subfertility

Question 8

Which HLA is associated with autoimmune hepatitis?

Answer 8

HLA B8
HLA DR3

Question 9

What is Type I autoimmune hepatitis?

Answer 9

Affects both adults and children
AMA and SMA

Question 10

What is Type II autoimmune hepatitis ?

Answer 10

Affects children only
LKM 1 ab

Question 11

Which factors indicate bad prognosis in Pancreatitis?

Answer 11

• hypocalcaemia
• hypoxia
• age >55
• hyperglycaemia
• neutrophilia
• elevated AST and LDH

Question 12

Which cells produce CCK?

Answer 12

I cells in the upper small intestine

Question 13

Which cells produce Somatostatin?

Answer 13

D cells

Question 14

Where are Gastrinomas typically found?

Answer 14

First part of the Duodenum

Question 15

What are the features of Zollinger Ellison syndrome?

Answer 15

• diarrhoea
• malabsorption
• multiple duodenal ulcers

Question 16

Dysphagia affecting both liquids and solids from the start is caused by?

Answer 16

Achalasia

Question 17

What is Achalasia?

Answer 17

Degenerative loss of ganglia of the Auerbach’s plexus –> LOS cannot relax + dismotility of oesophagua

Question 18

What are the features of Achalasia?

Answer 18

• dysphagia to both solids and liquids
• heartburn
• regurgitation of food
• frequent aspiration pneumonia
  *

Question 19

How is Achalasia investigated?

Answer 19

• oesophageal mannometry - LOS does not relax
• barium swallow - ‘birds beak appearance’
• CXR - widened mediastinum

Question 20

What is the management of Achalasia?

Answer 20

• ballon dilation
• surgical intervention
• Intersphinteric injection w/ botox

Question 21

What is Type I Hepatorenal syndrome?

Answer 21

• Rapidly progressive doubling of serum creatine
  *

Question 22

What test is used to assess the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 22

Faecal elastase

Question 23

What is the management for H.pylori eradication?

Answer 23

Lansoprazole + Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin

Question 24

What are the features of Villous Adenoma?

Answer 24

• Secretory diarrhoea
• Hypokalaemia
• microcytic anaemia

Question 25

What is the mode of inheritance in Wilson's disease?

Answer 25

Autosommal recessive

Question 26

Which gene is associated with Wilson's disease?

Answer 26

ATP7B gene

Question 27

What are the features of Whipple's disease?

Answer 27

* diarrhoea * athralgia * lymphadenopathy * hyperpigmentation * Neurological: ophthalmoplegia

Question 28

Which malignancy is the 'double duct' sign seen in?

Answer 28

Pancreatic head carcinoma

Question 29

What is used to monitor treatment in Haemochromatosis?

Answer 29

Ferritin and Tsats

Question 30

What is Haemochromatosis?

Answer 30

Autosommal recessive disorder of iron metabolism --> accumulation of Iron Associated with mutation of HFE gene on Chromosome 6