Gastritis Flashcards
What tests are recommended to investigate gastritis?
- OGD
- urease breath test (H. Pylori)
What is the management for H. Pylori?
Triple Tx: 2Abx + PPI
- amoxicillin / metronidazole
- clarythromycin
- omeprazole / lansoprazole
How does salmonella typhi gastroenteritis typically present?
- young, recent hx food poisoning/lots of takeaways
- 1w hx frequent loose stools
- mild pyrexia & tachycardia
- generalised abdominal tenderness
- dry mucous membranes
- rose coloured macules on chest & abdomen
What do rose-coloured macules on the chest & abdomen indicate on examination?
Bacterial emboli to skin (appear as rash 5-10d onset)
- due to salmonella typhi or paratyphi
How does GE secondary to rotavirus typically present?
- abdomen SNT
- coryzal symptoms: myalgia, headaches
- children more common
How does gastroenteritis typically present?
- diarrhoea
- N+V
- fever, ingestion of bacteria/viruses/toxins
Which bacteria are commonly implicated in gastroenteritis?
- staph aureus (cooked meats, cream)
- bacillus cereus (reheated rice)
- clostridium perfringens (reheated/cooked meats)
- campylobacter
- e.coli (0157: HUS)
- salmonella
- shigella
Which viruses cause gastroenteritis?
- rotavirus (infantile)
- norovirus (most common!!)
- adenoviruses
Which parasites classically cause gastroenteritis?
- cryptosporidium
- entamoeba histolytica
- giardia intestinalis
- schistosoma
How is gastroenteritis managed?
- fluid replacement/oral rehydration sachets
- abx if severe
What features of severe gastroenteritis are indicative of abx?
- systemically unwell
- immunosuppressed
- elderly
Which abx should be prescribed for salmonella and shigella?
Ciprofloxacin
Which abx should be prescribed for campylobacter ?
Macrolides (erythromycin)
Which abx should be prescribed for cholera?
Tetracycline (transmission)
What is the incubation period for noroviruses?
GI upset 24-48h after innoculation
