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Systems 2 - The Gastrointestinal System > Gastric Secretion > Flashcards

Gastric Secretion Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three regions of the stomach?

A

Fundus
Body
Antrum

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2
Q

What are the functions of the funds?

A

Storage

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3
Q

What are the functions of the body?

A 
Storage
Mucus
HCL
Pepsinogen 
Intrinsic factor
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4
Q

What is the function of the antrum?

A

Mixing/Grinding and gastrin production

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5
Q

What is the function or mucus neck cells?

A

Mucus production

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6
Q

What is the function of chief cells?

A

Pepsinogen production

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7
Q

What is the function of parietal cells?

A

HCL production and Intrinsic factor production

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8
Q

What three mechanisms control gastric secretion?

A

Neurocrine, Endocrine and Paracrine

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9
Q

What aspects of neurocrine control are there?

A

Vagus and local reflexes

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10
Q

What stimulates the endocrine system in control of gastric secretion?

A

Gastrin (peptide hormone)

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11
Q

What molecule stimulates gastric secretion by the paracrine system?

A

Histamine

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12
Q

Increased vagal tone caused by sight, smell and taste of food activates what three stimulating pathways for gastric secretion?

A

Neurocrine (Ach) caused by distention of stomach (arrival of food)

  • Endocrine (Gastrin) caused by peptides in lumen stimulate Parietal cells

Histamine produced from ECL cells also acts on parietal cells via a different pathway

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13
Q

What mechanisms inhibit gastric secretion?

A

Cephalic phase - (stopping eating) decreases vagal activity

Gastric Phase - (decreased pH) decreases gastrin secretion

Intestinal phase - (acid and fat in duodenum) enterogastric (splanchnic) reflex + secretin released fat causes GIP to be released - all decreases stimulation of parietal cells

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14
Q

What are enterogastrones?

A

Hormones released in the duodenal mucosa

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15
Q

What are the three examples of enterogastrones?

A

Secretin
Cholecystokinin
GIP

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16
Q

What are enterogastrones released in response to?

A

Acid
Hypertonic solution
Fatty acids/monoglycerides in duodenum

17
Q

What is the collective effect of enterogastrones?

A

Prevent further build up of acid in the duodenum

18
Q

What two strategies lead to inhibition of acid build up in duodenum?

A

Inhibit gastric secretion and reduce gastric emptying (inhibit motility/contract pyloric sphincter)

19
Q

What is the inactive precursor to pepsinogen?

A

Zymogen

20
Q

What cells secret pepsinogen?

A

Chief cells

21
Q

What causes pepsinogen to convert to active pepsin?

A

Low pH (<3)

22
Q

When is pepsin inactivate?

A

At neutral pH (7)

23
Q

What are the mechanisms of pepsin control/secretion parallel to?

A

HCL secretion (parietal cell stimulation)

24
Q

What is the only essential (non-compensated) role of the stomach?

A

Intrinsic factor production

25
Q

What cells produce intrinsic factor?

A

Parietal cells

26
Q

Uptake of what is intrinsic factor required for?

A

Vitamin B12 uptake

27
Q

Where is the intrinsic factor/Vit B12 complex absorbed from?

A

Ileum

28
Q

A defect in intrinsic factor production causes what pathology?

A

Pernicious anaemia

29
Q

What is pernicious anaemia?

A

Failure of red blood cell maturation

30
Q

Where is gastric mucus produced from?

A

Surface epithelial cells and mucus neck cells

31
Q

Outline the cytoprotective role of gastric mucus

A

Protects mucosal surface from injury

Neutral pH (HCO3) protects against gastric acid corrosion and pepsin digestion

Systems 2 - The Gastrointestinal System (15 decks)

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