Gastric Diseases IM Flashcards
What are common symptoms of gastric disorders?
Epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss, dyspepsia, and no signs of peritonitis.
What is the definitive diagnostic method for gastric disorders?
Endoscopy with mucosal biopsy.
What is the difference between gastropathy and gastritis?
Gastropathy is mucosal damage without inflammation, whereas gastritis is inflammation of the mucosa.
What is the role of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in gastric disorders?
It is used for visualization and biopsy to diagnose gastropathy, gastritis, and ulcers.
What are common causes of reactive gastropathy?
Bile reflux, NSAIDs, and long-term exposure to gastric irritants.
What substances can cause acute hemorrhagic erosive gastropathy?
Alcohol, NSAIDs, chemotherapy, and gastric hypoperfusion.
What is portal hypertensive gastropathy?
Friable gastric mucosa due to cirrhosis and portal hypertension, which may cause upper GI bleeding.
What is autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis?
A form of chronic gastritis with inflammation, mucosal atrophy, and epithelial metaplasia.
What is the consequence of autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells?
Loss of intrinsic factor secretion, leading to vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anemia.
What are the key features of H. Pylori?
Gram-negative, urease-positive bacteria that increase gastric pH, leading to increased acid production.
What diseases are associated with H. Pylori infection?
Chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, and MALT lymphoma.
What are the diagnostic methods for H. Pylori infection?
Biopsy with urease testing, stool antigen, urea breath test, and serology for IgG antibodies.
What is the standard first-line treatment for H. Pylori infection?
Triple therapy: PPI, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin/metronidazole.
What is the alternative therapy if clarithromycin resistance is present?
Quadruple therapy: PPI, metronidazole, tetracycline, and bismuth.
What are the common causes of peptic ulcer disease?
Chronic NSAID use and H. Pylori infection.
How do gastric ulcers differ from duodenal ulcers?
Gastric ulcers are less common, occur on the lesser curvature, worsen with meals, and may indicate malignancy.
Why are gastric ulcers often biopsied?
To rule out malignancy, as some ulcers may be adenocarcinoma.
What are complications of gastric ulcers?
Perforation, upper GI bleeding (left gastric artery), and gastric outlet obstruction.
