Gastric Crypt and Gastric Secretions

Question 1

what do mucous cells secrete

Answer 1

mucus and bicarbonate

Question 2

what do parietal cells secrete

Answer 2

HCL

Question 3

what do enterochromaffin like cells secrete

Answer 3

histamine

Question 4

what do G cells secrete

Answer 4

gastrin

Question 5

what do D cells secrete

Answer 5

Somatostatin

Question 6

what do chief cells secrete

Answer 6

pepsinogen

Question 7

what do enterochromaffin like cells secrete histamine in response to

Answer 7

acetylcholine

Question 8

how does histamine increase gastric acid secretion from parietal cells

Answer 8

activates adenyl cyclase
increases cAMP
increases no. of proton pumps
increased HCl secretion

Question 9

what receptors do ACh bind to on parietal cells

Answer 9

M3 ACh receptors

Question 10

how does ACh increase gastric acid secretion

Answer 10

activates PLC
increase in intracellular Ca2+
increase in no. of proton pumps
increases HCl secretion

Question 11

what receptors does gastrin bind to

Answer 11

CCK2 receptors on parietal cells

Question 12

how does gastrin increase gastric acid secretion

Answer 12

activates PLC
increase in intracellular Ca2+
increase in no. of proton pumps
increases HCl secretion

Question 13

which receptors does somatostatin bind to

Answer 13

SSTR2 receptors on parietal cells and enterochromaffin cells

Question 14

how does somatostatin decreases HCL secretion

Answer 14

inhibits adenyl cyclase
decreases cAMP
decrease In HCl secretion

reduces histamine release from enterochromaffin like cells.

Question 15

examples of antacids

Answer 15

gaviscon

peptac

Question 16

when are antacids used

Answer 16

excessive gastric acid secretion

Question 17

what disrupts production of prostaglandins by inhibiting COX-1

Answer 17

NSAID’s

Question 18

why does reduced availability of prostaglandins result in HCl secretion

Answer 18

due to histamine secretion from enterochromaffin like cells

Question 19

what drug is an analogue of prostaglandin E1

Answer 19

Misoprostol

Question 20

when is Misoprostol indicated

Answer 20

prophylaxis of NSAID induced peptic ulcer

Question 21

side effects of Misoprostol

Answer 21

abdominal pain
diarrhoea
induces labour

Question 22

examples of proton pump inhibitors

Answer 22

lansoprazole
omeprazole
pantoprazole

Question 23

how do PPI’s reduce HCL secretion

Answer 23

they irreversibly inhibit H+/K+ ATPase pump

Question 24

when are PPI’s indicated

Answer 24

benign gastric acid ulceration
NSAID associated gastric ulceration
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Zollinger-Ellison sundrome

Question 25

side effect of proton pump inhibitors

Answer 25

increase stomach pH so reduce defences against infection via GI tract

Question 26

examples of H2 receptor antagonists

Answer 26

ranitidine
cimetidine
famotidine
nizatidine

Question 27

when are H2 receptor antagonists indicated

Answer 27

benign gastric acid ulceration

NSAID associated gastric ulceration

Question 28

what is a H. pylori infection treated with

Answer 28

PPI’s and clarithromycin and amoxicillin/metronidazole

Question 29

Gaviscon

Answer 29

antacid

Question 30

peptac

Answer 30

antacid

Question 31

misoprostol

Answer 31

analogue of prostaglandin E1

Question 32

Lansoprazole

Answer 32

PPI

Question 33

Omeprazole

Answer 33

PPI

Question 34

Pantoprazole

Answer 34

PPI

Question 35

Ranitidine

Answer 35

H2 receptor antagonists

Question 36

Cimetidine

Answer 36

H2 receptor antagonists

Question 37

Famotidine

Answer 37

H2 receptor antagonists

Question 38

Nizatidine

Answer 38

H2 receptor antagonists