Gastric Cancer Flashcards
what is the most common type of gastric cancer ?
Adenocarcinoma 95 %
what are the two types of lymphoma asscoiated with GC?
MALT lymphoma and B cell lymphoma
MALT is associated with H.pylori infection
what other types of tumors can occur in the stomach besides adenocarcinoma and lymphoma ?
GIST arise from cells of Cajal (ICCs)
Neuroendocrine tumors and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)
In which countries is gastric cancer screening commonly performed?
Japan
South Korea
Venezuela
Chile
What are the methods used for gastric cancer screening?
Endoscopy
Contrast x-ray (barium swallow)
Seric pepsinogen
Helicobacter pylori testing
What is the typical initial presentation of gastric cancer?
Initially asymptomatic.
What are some common early symptoms of gastric cancer?
Discomfort/epigastric pain, early satiety, nausea/vomiting.
What are some common later symptoms of gastric cancer?
Weight loss, dysphagia, epigastric mass, cachexia.
What are the signs and symptoms of bleeding in gastric cancer?
Hematemesis, melena.
What are the signs and symptoms of anemia related to gastric cancer?
Dizziness, equilibrium issues, fatigue, pallor.
What are the signs and symptoms of invasion or metastasis in gastric cancer?
This is intentionally left open-ended to encourage thought and recall. You might add specific examples based on your learning materials, such as jaundice for liver metastasis, bone pain for bone metastasis, etc.)
What type of anemia is commonly seen in gastric cancer, and what is its cause?
Hypochromic microcytic anemia due to iron deficiency.
What does hyposideremia indicate in the context of gastric cancer?
Iron deficiency.
What do abnormal liver tests suggest in gastric cancer?
Possible liver invasion or metastasis.
What nutritional deficiencies might be observed in gastric cancer?
Deficiencies in albumin, vitamins, etc.
What is a barium swallow used for in gastric cancer evaluation?
visualizing the esophagus and stomach lining for abnormalities” or “detecting structural changes.”)
What is the primary advantage of upper GI endoscopy in gastric cancer diagnosis?
Ability to perform biopsies for tissue diagnosis.
What information does a CT scan provide in gastric cancer staging?
Tumor expansion, lymph node involvement, and distant metastases.
What is the macroscopic form of gastric cancer designated as Type 1?
Protrusive
What is the general category of gastric cancer designated as Type 2, and what are its subtypes?
Superficial; subtypes include 2a (superficial elevated), 2b (superficial flat), and 2c (superficial depressed).
What is the macroscopic form of gastric cancer designated as Type 3?
Excavated
What is the macroscopic form of gastric cancer designated as Type 4?
Laterally infiltrating
What is the general term for surgical procedures used to treat gastric cancer?
Tumor resection.
What surgical procedure involves removing part of the stomach to treat gastric cancer?
Subtotal gastrectomy.
What surgical procedure involves removing the entire stomach to treat gastric cancer?
Total gastrectomy.
What is one class of chemotherapy drugs used to treat gastric cancer?
Fluoropyrimidine.
What is a common chemotherapy regimen used to treat gastric cancer?
Epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil.
What is a common complication of gastric cancer that obstructs the passage of food?
Food passage blockage.
What are the treatment options for food passage blockage caused by gastric cancer?
Surgical resection, balloon dilation, stent placement.
What is a common complication of gastric cancer that can lead to hematemesis or melena?
Bleeding.
What are the treatment options for bleeding caused by gastric cancer?
Endoscopic hemostasis, surgical resection.
What is a common site of metastasis for gastric cancer?
Liver metastases.
What is a potential treatment option for liver metastases from gastric cancer?
Sometimes resection.
hat is the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen called, often associated with advanced gastric cancer?
Malignant ascites.
What are the treatment options for malignant ascites caused by gastric cancer?
Paracentesis, chemotherapy.
What type of cells are almost exclusively involved in gastric lymphoma?
B cells.
What are the two main types of gastric lymphoma?
MALT (mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma and B-cell lymphoma (large cell, diffuse).
What does MALT stand for, in the context of gastric lymphoma?
Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
What are the key characteristics of the B-cell lymphoma that affects the stomach?
Large cell, diffuse.
What is the primary etiological factor associated with gastric lymphoma?
Helicobacter pylori.
Are GISTs common or rare tumors?
Rare tumors.
What percentage of GISTs are benign?
70% are benign.
Where can malignant GISTs metastasize?
Liver or peritoneal cavity.
What is a common complication of GISTs, regardless of whether they are benign or malignant?
Bleeding if they have a central ulceration.
