Gastric Cancer

Question 1

what are the types of gastric cancer?

Answer 1

adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, carcinoid tumour (G cells in stomach) , leiomyosarcoma (smooth muscle cells)

Question 2

layers of mucosa?

Answer 2

1. epithelial
2. lamina propria
3. muscularis mucosa

Question 3

foveolar cells secrete?

Answer 3

mucus

Question 4

parietal cells can be found where and secrete what?

Answer 4

body and fundus, HCL

Question 5

chief cells secrete?

Answer 5

pepsinogen

Question 6

g cells secrete?

Answer 6

gastrin- stimulate parietal cells

Question 7

most common type of gastric cancer?

Answer 7

adenocarcinoma

Question 8

types of adenocarcinoma?

Answer 8

intestinal- well differentiated, diffuse

Question 9

what causes intestinal cancer?

Answer 9

Hpylori cagA causing gastritis

Question 10

where can you find intestinal cancer?

Answer 10

lesser curvature of antrum, large irregular ulcer with heaped edges well differentiated

Question 11

diffuse type of adenocarcinoma?

Answer 11

mutations of CDH1 - E-cadherin (epithelial cells stick together and controls cell cycle) increased ability to spread

Question 12

what can diffuse type cause?

Answer 12

gastric linitis (leather bottle)invading submucosa, hisyologically signet ring cells in connective tissue

Question 12

what can diffuse type cause?

Answer 12

gastric linitis (leather bottle)invading submucosa, hisyologically signet ring cells in connective tissue

Question 13

lymphomas arise because?

Answer 13

chronic infection of H pylori causes b cell proliferation resulting in mutation.can show diffuse lymphocytes in MALT

Question 14

carcinoid tumours?

Answer 14

neuroendocrine cells g from mucosa as polyp, it is well differentiated, also found in pancreas and intestine

Question 15

leiomyosarcoma?

Answer 15

smooth muscle cells- extremely rare
look like spindle, epithelial, or undifferentiated cells

Question 16

complications of adenocarcinoma?

Answer 16

metastatsis: peritoneum, lymph nodes umbilicus and virchows node, liver and ovaries (krukenberg tumour)
paraneoplastic syndrome

Question 17

complications of adenocarcinoma?

Answer 17

metastatsis: peritoneum, lymph nodes umbilicus and virchows node, liver and ovaries (krukenberg tumour)
paraneoplastic syndrome

Question 18

paraneoplastic syndrome?

Answer 18

1. leser-trelat sign ( seborrhoeic keratosis) cancer- growth factors- keratinocytes.
2. polyarteritis nodosa- inflamamtion/necrosis of medium arteries. MI/kidney failure
3. trousseau syndrome migratory thrombosis cancer cells- tissue factor- coagulation cascade leads to thrombosis
4. pseudoachalasia syndrome

Question 19

risk factors of gastric cancer?

Answer 19

age, fh, smoking alcohol obesity

Question 20

risk factors of intestinal type?

Answer 20

hpylori, male, type a blood, diet rich in nitrates, nitrosamines and salted food. autoimmune gastritis, pernicious anaemia, achlorhydria

Question 21

symptoms?

Answer 21

malaise, weight loss, dyspepsia, loss of appetite, epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting, anaemia, haematemesis, melena

Question 22

signs of gastric cancer?

Answer 22

acanthosis nigricans, sister mary joseph syndrome (enlarged belly button lymph nodes), troisiers sign enlarged virchows node

Question 23

how is diagnosis made?

Answer 23

endoscopy

Question 24

gastric cancer is usually present in?

Answer 24

older people over 75 and males