Gases & Atmospheric Chemistry

Question 1

kinectic molecular theory (KMT)

Answer 1

1. gas particles move in RANDOM, STRAIGHT lines until they collide with one another or the walls of its container
2. gas particles have POINT MASS → gases will have mass but no FIXED volume
3. gases exert NO attraction or repulsive forces
4. an increase in temperature will cause gas particles to move FASTER (↑ temperature = ↑ kinetic energy KE)
5. gas particles interact through ELASTIC COLLISIONS → energy is transferred during a collision

Question 2

pressure

Answer 2

the result of gas particles colliding with the walls of its container

more frquent collisions = more pressure

Question 3

units of pressure (5)

Answer 3

1 atm = 101.3 kPa = 760 mmHg = 760 torr = 14.7 psi

Question 4

Boyle’s Law

Answer 4

• constant: temperature and moles
• ↑ V = ↓ P; ↓ V = ↑ P
• collisions with walls is less freqeunt
• P inversely proportional to V
• P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Question 5

temperture conversion

Answer 5

Tₖ = T.꜀ + 273

use K for calculations

Question 6

Charle’s Law

Answer 6

• constant: pressure and moles
• ↑ V = ↑ T; ↓ V = ↓ T
• to maintain pressure
• V directly proportional to T
• V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

Question 7

Gay-Lusaac’s Law

Answer 7

• constant: volume and moles
• ↑ P = ↑ T; ↓ P = ↓ T
• gas particles move faster causing more collisions
• P directly proportional to T
• P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

Question 8

Combined Gas Law

Answer 8

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

Question 9

Standard Temperature & Pressure (STP)

Answer 9

0°C and 101.3 kPa

Question 10

Standard Ambient Temperature & Pressure (SATP)

Answer 10

25°C and 100 kPa

Question 11

partial pressure

Answer 11

the pressure a gas would exert in a container as if it were the only gas present

all gases behave the same with respect to pressure

Question 12

Dalton’s Law

Answer 12

• constant: temperature and volume
• total pressure in a container is the sum of all the partial pressures of unreacting gases
• Pₜₒₜₐₗ = P₁ + P₂ + P₃ + … + Pₙ

Question 13

Ideal Gas Law

Answer 13

PV = nRT

R = 8.314 kPa * L / mol * K

Question 14

Avogadro’s Law

Answer 14

• constant: temperature and pressure
• ↑ n = ↑ V; ↓ n = ↓ V
• to maintain pressure
• V₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂

Question 15

molar volume

Answer 15

• describes the volume that one mole of gas will occupy at some temperature and pressure
• Vₘ = V/n

Vₘ = molar volume (L/mol)

Question 16

density

Answer 16

D = m/V

Question 17

collecting gas “over” water

Answer 17

• a technique by which a gas produced by a reaction is collected (and measure) by “bubbling” through H₂O₍ₗ₎
• Pᵥᵥₑₜ ₉ₐₛ = Pₔᵣᵧ ₉ₐₛ + Pₕ₂ₒ @ _ °C