Gaseous Exchange

Question 1

Define aerobic

Answer 1

Something occurring in the presence of oxygen

Question 2

What is something that occurs in the absence of oxygen

Answer 2

Anaerobic

Question 3

Define breathing/ventilation

Answer 3

The mechanical process of inhalation and exhalation

Question 4

Define cellular respiration

Answer 4

The breakdown of food molecules using oxygen to release energy in the body

Question 5

Define gaseous exchange

Answer 5

The physical process involving the exchanging of gases between lungs, blood vessels and tissues

Question 6

What is diffusion

Answer 6

The movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration until equilibrium is reached

Question 7

What do you call plants and animals that live on land

Answer 7

Terrestrial species

Question 8

List the six requirements for a effective gaseous exchange system

Answer 8

1. Large surface area
2. A well-ventilated area
3. A rich supply of blood vessels
4. A thin surface
5. A well protected system
6. A permanently moist system

Question 9

Which large surface area is provided by the body for gaseous exchange

Answer 9

The alveoli

Question 10

What does it mean to have a well-ventilated system

Answer 10

Strong up or proper pulling in and out of gases

Question 11

Which blood vessel mainly covers the lungs

Answer 11

A dense capillary network

Question 12

Why do we need thin surfaces for gaseous exchange

Answer 12

To allow permeability so that gases can diffuse through the surfaces and be exchanged

Question 13

What protects the human and mammal gaseous exchange system

Answer 13

The rib cage

Question 14

Why does our gases exchange system need to be permanently moist

Answer 14

It needs to be moist because gas is cannot diffuse through dry spaces

Question 15

What is tidal air

Answer 15

Air that flows in and out of the lungs but doesn’t enter the alveoli

Question 16

What is the residual volume

Answer 16

Hear that remains in the lungs to prevent the lungs from collapsing

Question 17

Describe the trachea structure

Answer 17

Has c-shaped cartilage rings that protect it and keep it open

Question 18

What connects the nasal cavity with the larynx

Answer 18

The pharynx

Question 19

What is the larynx

Answer 19

Structure that contains vocal cords whenever air passes over the cords sound is produced

Question 20

What cartilage structure prevents food from entering the trachea

Answer 20

The epiglottis

Question 21

What is the name of the fluid that acts as a lubricant to prevent friction during inhalation and exhalation in the lungs

Answer 21

Pleural fluid

Question 22

Where does external gaseous exchange occur

Answer 22

The alveoli surface

Question 23

What happens to the diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, rib cage and air pressure during INHALATION

Answer 23

During inhalation the diaphragm muscle contracts meaning it flattens and moves downwards. The external intercostal muscles between the ribs contract. The rib cage lift upwards and pushes outwards. The air pressure in the lungs decreases as the chest volume increases

Question 24

What happens to the diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, ribcage and air pressure during exhalation

Answer 24

During exhalation the diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards. The external intercostal muscles relax. The rib cage moves down and Inwood. Air pressure in the lungs increases relative to the outside air pressure.

Question 25

What is homeostasis

Answer 25

Homeostasis is the ability of the body to control carbon dioxide and oxygen levels

Question 26

List four things that happen when there are high carbon dioxide levels in the body

Answer 26

•Receptor cells are stimulated.
•They sell send impulses to the medulla oblongata in the brain.
•The medulla oblongata stimulates breathing muscles (intercostal muscles and the diaphragm and the heart).
•Breathing muscles contract more actively increasing the rate and depth of breathing thus the heart beats faster and more carbon dioxide is taken to and from the lungs which returns the carbon dioxide levels in the blood to normal.

Question 27

What determines the rate of breathing in humans

Answer 27

Carbon dioxide in the blood