Gaseous Exchange Flashcards
Define aerobic
Something occurring in the presence of oxygen
What is something that occurs in the absence of oxygen
Anaerobic
Define breathing/ventilation
The mechanical process of inhalation and exhalation
Define cellular respiration
The breakdown of food molecules using oxygen to release energy in the body
Define gaseous exchange
The physical process involving the exchanging of gases between lungs, blood vessels and tissues
What is diffusion
The movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration until equilibrium is reached
What do you call plants and animals that live on land
Terrestrial species
List the six requirements for a effective gaseous exchange system
- Large surface area
- A well-ventilated area
- A rich supply of blood vessels
- A thin surface
- A well protected system
- A permanently moist system
Which large surface area is provided by the body for gaseous exchange
The alveoli
What does it mean to have a well-ventilated system
Strong up or proper pulling in and out of gases
Which blood vessel mainly covers the lungs
A dense capillary network
Why do we need thin surfaces for gaseous exchange
To allow permeability so that gases can diffuse through the surfaces and be exchanged
What protects the human and mammal gaseous exchange system
The rib cage
Why does our gases exchange system need to be permanently moist
It needs to be moist because gas is cannot diffuse through dry spaces
What is tidal air
Air that flows in and out of the lungs but doesn’t enter the alveoli
What is the residual volume
Hear that remains in the lungs to prevent the lungs from collapsing
Describe the trachea structure
Has c-shaped cartilage rings that protect it and keep it open
What connects the nasal cavity with the larynx
The pharynx
What is the larynx
Structure that contains vocal cords whenever air passes over the cords sound is produced
What cartilage structure prevents food from entering the trachea
The epiglottis
What is the name of the fluid that acts as a lubricant to prevent friction during inhalation and exhalation in the lungs
Pleural fluid
Where does external gaseous exchange occur
The alveoli surface
What happens to the diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, rib cage and air pressure during INHALATION
During inhalation the diaphragm muscle contracts meaning it flattens and moves downwards. The external intercostal muscles between the ribs contract. The rib cage lift upwards and pushes outwards. The air pressure in the lungs decreases as the chest volume increases
What happens to the diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, ribcage and air pressure during exhalation
During exhalation the diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards. The external intercostal muscles relax. The rib cage moves down and Inwood. Air pressure in the lungs increases relative to the outside air pressure.
What is homeostasis
Homeostasis is the ability of the body to control carbon dioxide and oxygen levels
List four things that happen when there are high carbon dioxide levels in the body
•Receptor cells are stimulated.
•They sell send impulses to the medulla oblongata in the brain.
•The medulla oblongata stimulates breathing muscles (intercostal muscles and the diaphragm and the heart).
•Breathing muscles contract more actively increasing the rate and depth of breathing thus the heart beats faster and more carbon dioxide is taken to and from the lungs which returns the carbon dioxide levels in the blood to normal.
What determines the rate of breathing in humans
Carbon dioxide in the blood
