Excretory System Flashcards
What is the function of the excretory system
Excretory system removes toxics poisonous substances and wastes from the body
Give 2 examples of the waste products removed by excretory system
Urea salts excess water from the blood
What is osmoregulation
Regulation of levels of water in body fluids
Define excretion
Excretion is the removal of nitrogenous waste products from the body
List four major functions of the excretory system
•Osmoregulation
•excretion
•regulation of pH of body fluids •regulation of salt concentration in body fluids.
What is a nephron
The functional unit of the kidney
What is the renal pelvis
The top part of the ureter in which urine is collected and drained into the ureter
Define hilum
You can’t cave side of the kidney where the nerves blood vessels enter and leave the kidney
What is the renal cortex and renal medulla
The upper portions of the France and the parts of nephrons called the loops of henle
What is the function of the ureter
Transport urine to the bladder
Function of the bladder
Stores urine
Function of the urethra
To carry urine or semen to the exterior
List five important parts of the excretory system
Adrenal gland. Kidney. Ureter. Bladder. Urethra
Name two main parts of the nephron
The Malpighian body and the renal tubule
Distinguish between the afferent and efferent arteriole
The afferent arteriole transports blood inside the glomerular of Bowman’s capsule while the efferent arteriole takes blood outside the Bowman’s capsule
What is the glomerulus
The mass of capillaries inside Bowman’s capsule
The Malpighian body is also known as what
Renal capsule
What is the proximal convoluted tubule
It is one of the two main tube rules in the nephron and it is the major site of reabsorption in any electrolytes and it is closer to the Bowman’s capsule
What what is the loop of henle
The loop of henle is a part of the nephron which is responsible for the reabsorption of water and sodium chloride from the filtrate
What is the distal convoluted tubule
A portion of the nephron situated in between the collecting duct and the loop of henle which concentrates urine and maintain salt water and sugar balance
What is the collecting duct
The collecting duct is a system consists of a series of sepals and talked that physically connect the headphones to the renal pelvis which then leads into the ureter
List three important stages of excretion
Glomerular filtration.
Tubular reabsorptipn.
Tubular secretion.
What is another name for the red blood cells
Erythrocytes
What substance in erythrocytes combines with oxygen in order for transportation to happen
Hemoglobin
What happens during the process of glomerular filtration
•blood moves from the artery to the arterioles
•is blood is transported to the glomerulus (mass of the capillaries which comes in contact with Bowman’s capsule)
•the blood is filtered into Bowman’s capsule forming the glomerular filtrate
What are podocytes
The cells surrounding the capillaries with filtration slits inside the glomerular
What happens in the process of tubular reabsorption
• Important salts glucose in water is reabsorbed out of the nephron
•the remaining filtrate moves to the loop of henle
•filtrate moves to the descending limb of the loop of henle which has aquaporins which allow water to be freely permeable(reabsorbed)
•filtrate moves up the ascending limb which has no aquaporins so only salt is reabsorbed
What happens in the process of tubular secretion
•waste products are actively removed from the blood which has escaped filtration
•these waste products are dumped into the collecting duct
What is the function of the renal artery
Renal artery carries oxygenated blood from the aorta (the heart’s main artery) to the kidneys
What is the function of the renal vein
Carries deoxygenated blood from the kidney and ureter to the inferior vena cava(vein carrying blood from lower parts of the body)
Name two structural features of the glomerular that allow ultra-filtration to occur
•endothelial cells which have pores
•epithelial cells called podocytes which have slits
What is the process of filtration of blood into the Bowman’s capsule
Ultrafiltration
What is osmoregulation
The regulation of water content and salt balances in the blood and tissue fluid
What is aldosterone
Hormone that is produced by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium absorption
What is a d h
Antidiuretic hormone is a hormone that controls the amount of water absorbed by the kidneys and is therefore responsible for osmoregulation
Means low salt levels in the blood and tissue
Hypertonic
Elevated salt levels in the blood and tissues
Hypertonic
Since when there is an increase in the water levels in the body
Pituitary gland stop secreting ADH
Which gland secretes aldosterone to the body
The adrenal gland
What is the name of the method of artificial removing waste products from the bloodstream and the kidneys are unable to do so on their own
dialysis
