Excretory System

Question 1

What is the function of the excretory system

Answer 1

Excretory system removes toxics poisonous substances and wastes from the body

Question 2

Give 2 examples of the waste products removed by excretory system

Answer 2

Urea salts excess water from the blood

Question 3

What is osmoregulation

Answer 3

Regulation of levels of water in body fluids

Question 4

Define excretion

Answer 4

Excretion is the removal of nitrogenous waste products from the body

Question 5

List four major functions of the excretory system

Answer 5

•Osmoregulation
•excretion
•regulation of pH of body fluids •regulation of salt concentration in body fluids.

Question 6

What is a nephron

Answer 6

The functional unit of the kidney

Question 7

What is the renal pelvis

Answer 7

The top part of the ureter in which urine is collected and drained into the ureter

Question 8

Define hilum

Answer 8

You can’t cave side of the kidney where the nerves blood vessels enter and leave the kidney

Question 9

What is the renal cortex and renal medulla

Answer 9

The upper portions of the France and the parts of nephrons called the loops of henle

Question 10

What is the function of the ureter

Answer 10

Transport urine to the bladder

Question 11

Function of the bladder

Answer 11

Stores urine

Question 12

Function of the urethra

Answer 12

To carry urine or semen to the exterior

Question 13

List five important parts of the excretory system

Answer 13

Adrenal gland. Kidney. Ureter. Bladder. Urethra

Question 14

Name two main parts of the nephron

Answer 14

The Malpighian body and the renal tubule

Question 15

Distinguish between the afferent and efferent arteriole

Answer 15

The afferent arteriole transports blood inside the glomerular of Bowman’s capsule while the efferent arteriole takes blood outside the Bowman’s capsule

Question 16

What is the glomerulus

Answer 16

The mass of capillaries inside Bowman’s capsule

Question 17

The Malpighian body is also known as what

Answer 17

Renal capsule

Question 18

What is the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 18

It is one of the two main tube rules in the nephron and it is the major site of reabsorption in any electrolytes and it is closer to the Bowman’s capsule

Question 19

What what is the loop of henle

Answer 19

The loop of henle is a part of the nephron which is responsible for the reabsorption of water and sodium chloride from the filtrate

Question 20

What is the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 20

A portion of the nephron situated in between the collecting duct and the loop of henle which concentrates urine and maintain salt water and sugar balance

Question 21

What is the collecting duct

Answer 21

The collecting duct is a system consists of a series of sepals and talked that physically connect the headphones to the renal pelvis which then leads into the ureter

Question 22

List three important stages of excretion

Answer 22

Glomerular filtration.
Tubular reabsorptipn.
Tubular secretion.

Question 23

What is another name for the red blood cells

Answer 23

Erythrocytes

Question 24

What substance in erythrocytes combines with oxygen in order for transportation to happen

Answer 24

Hemoglobin

Question 25

What happens during the process of glomerular filtration

Answer 25

•blood moves from the artery to the arterioles
•is blood is transported to the glomerulus (mass of the capillaries which comes in contact with Bowman’s capsule)
•the blood is filtered into Bowman’s capsule forming the glomerular filtrate

Question 26

What are podocytes

Answer 26

The cells surrounding the capillaries with filtration slits inside the glomerular

Question 27

What happens in the process of tubular reabsorption

Answer 27

• Important salts glucose in water is reabsorbed out of the nephron
•the remaining filtrate moves to the loop of henle
•filtrate moves to the descending limb of the loop of henle which has aquaporins which allow water to be freely permeable(reabsorbed)
•filtrate moves up the ascending limb which has no aquaporins so only salt is reabsorbed

Question 28

What happens in the process of tubular secretion

Answer 28

•waste products are actively removed from the blood which has escaped filtration
•these waste products are dumped into the collecting duct

Question 29

What is the function of the renal artery

Answer 29

Renal artery carries oxygenated blood from the aorta (the heart’s main artery) to the kidneys

Question 30

What is the function of the renal vein

Answer 30

Carries deoxygenated blood from the kidney and ureter to the inferior vena cava(vein carrying blood from lower parts of the body)

Question 31

Name two structural features of the glomerular that allow ultra-filtration to occur

Answer 31

•endothelial cells which have pores
•epithelial cells called podocytes which have slits

Question 32

What is the process of filtration of blood into the Bowman’s capsule

Answer 32

Ultrafiltration

Question 33

What is osmoregulation

Answer 33

The regulation of water content and salt balances in the blood and tissue fluid

Question 34

What is aldosterone

Answer 34

Hormone that is produced by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium absorption

Question 35

What is a d h

Answer 35

Antidiuretic hormone is a hormone that controls the amount of water absorbed by the kidneys and is therefore responsible for osmoregulation

Question 36

Means low salt levels in the blood and tissue

Answer 36

Hypertonic

Question 37

Elevated salt levels in the blood and tissues

Answer 37

Hypertonic

Question 38

Since when there is an increase in the water levels in the body

Answer 38

Pituitary gland stop secreting ADH

Question 39

Which gland secretes aldosterone to the body

Answer 39

The adrenal gland

Question 40

What is the name of the method of artificial removing waste products from the bloodstream and the kidneys are unable to do so on their own

Answer 40

dialysis