Gas transport

Question 0

What does most of the dissolved co2 in the tissue undergo?

Answer 0

Hydrolysis

Question 1

What is dissolved at the tissues and then enters the RBC’s?

Answer 1

Co2

Question 2

Excess _______ diffuses out of RBCs

Answer 2

HCO3-

Question 3

Name the steps of chloride shift

Answer 3

As HCO3- moves out of RBCs,
Cl- moves into RBC,
Cl- liberated from NaCl
HCO3- combines with Na to form NaHCO3

Question 4

at the lungs, CO2 dissolved in plasma diffuses into what?

Answer 4

Alveoli

Question 6

Diffusion

Answer 6

Movement of molecules from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.

Question 7

What is the distance of the alveolar capillary membrane?

Answer 7

approx 4 microns

Question 8

List the layers of the alveolar capillary membrane.

Answer 8

Surfactant, Alveolar epithelium, Interstitium, Capillary endothelium, Plasma and RBC’s

Question 9

Oxygen Time of Diffusion

Answer 9

0.25-0.4 seconds

Question 10

Carbon Dioxide Time of Diffusion

Answer 10

0.015 seconds

Question 11

Formula for Estimating Diffusion via A-aDO2

Answer 11

A-aDO2= PAO2-PaO2 = P(A-a)O2

Question 12

What is the Alveolar Air Equation?

Answer 12

PAO2 = PIO2-(PACO2 x 1.25)

Question 13

How is oxygen transported in the body?

Answer 13

1. Dissolved in plasma (1% of Oxygen)

2. In combination with Hb (Just under 99% of Oxygen)

Question 14

Normal Hb levels in Males:

Answer 14

14-18g/dL

Question 15

Normal Hb levels in Women:

Answer 15

12-16g/dL

Question 16

How many mL of Oxygen can ONE gram of Hb carry?

Answer 16

1.34mL

Question 17

Bicarb converts to _____?

Answer 17

Dissolved CO2

Question 18

Additional dissolved CO2 diffuses into ____.

Answer 18

Alveoli

Question 19

Reverse chloride shift

Answer 19

HCO2- in plasma moves back into RBC,

Cl- in RBC moves back to plasma

Question 20

Haldane Effect

Answer 20

Deoxygenated blood has a greater affinity for CO2 than oxygenated blood

Better able to pick up CO2 at tissues

Question 21

Bohr Effect

Answer 21

Increased PCO2 shifts the O2/Hb dissociation curve to the right

Hb has less affinity for for O2; better to release O2 at tissues

Question 22

Histotoxic hypoxia

Answer 22

Tissues are unable to use O2

Question 23

Cause of histotoxic hypoxia

Answer 23

Cyanide poisoning

Question 24

What is the initial response to response to hypoxia

Answer 24

Hyperventilation

Tachycardia

Question 25

What is the chronic response to hypoxia

Answer 25

Polycythemia

Question 26

Mechanisms of transport

Answer 26

1% bound to plasma proteins
8% dissolved in plasma and RBCs
12% bound to Hb
80% transported as bicarbonate

Question 27

What is the difference between Adult and Fetal Hb?

Answer 27

HbF (Fetal Hemoglobin) has a higher affinity for Oxygen until they reach the age of 1

Question 28

What is Sickle cell Anemia?

Answer 28

Crescent shaped RBC that is fragile and tends to agglutinate. Caused by HbS (Sickle Hemoglobin)

Question 29

What is Met Hb?

Answer 29

Iron in the Hemoglobin becomes oxidated (Rusty) and can’t carry Oxygen.

Question 30

What is the formula for the O2 Content of Blood (CaO2)?

Answer 30

CaO2 = (1.34 x Hb x saturation)+(PaO2 x 0.003)

Question 31

What does a right shift in the Hb affinity curve mean?

Answer 31

A less affinity for O2. (Not much O2 picked up in lungs, Oxygen more easily released at tissues)

Question 32

What does a left shift in the Hb affinity curve mean?

Answer 32

A greater affinity for O2. (Picks up more O2 in the Lungs, Oxygen not as easily released at tissues)

Question 33

What Factors shift the curve to the right?

Answer 33

RIGHT

Rise, In, 2,3 dp G, [H+] (low pH, high Pco2), Temperature

Question 34

What Factors shit the curve to the left?

Answer 34

Drop in Temperature, PCO2, and 2,3 DPG. As well as rise in pH

Question 35

What Increases Oxygen consumption?

Answer 35

exercise, fever, shivering, seizures. (increase in metabolic rate)

Question 36

What decreases Oxygen consumption?

Answer 36

paralysis, hypothermia, poison (when a persons metabolic rate is lower)