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Gas Slides Flashcards

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1
Q

In a gas/liquid interface, given thermodynamic properties of all these gases, some of these gases enter into the liquid and come right back out. When they come back out, they (gain/lose) energy.

A

lose

It takes them moments before they can exit the liquid again.

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2
Q

Gas is ______ in the liquid.

A

dissolved and have less energy

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3
Q

Arterial blood gas samples include O2 and CO2 values. For example, pO2(arterial) = 100 mmHg pressure is the dissolved state of the gas that delivers O2 from the blood to the tissues. True or false?

A

True

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4
Q

If you decrease the volume in a container with everything else being constant, the pressure _______.

A

increases

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5
Q

Constant temperature, the volume of a given mass of gas varies inversely with the absolute pressure.

A

Boyle’s Law

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6
Q

P1V1 = P2V2

A

Boyle’s Law

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7
Q

If we decrease the volume by half, then we increase the pressure by ___ fold if the temperature is held constant.

Which law is applied?

A

2 fold

Boyle’s Law

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8
Q

What is the containment volume of an E-cylinder?

A

4.8 - 5 Liters

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9
Q

1 atm = _____ kPa

A

101.33 kPa

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10
Q

What is the pressure of a full oxygen E-cylinder?

A

2200 psig

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11
Q

What is the volume of oxygen E cylinder?

A

625 Liters

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12
Q

Initial volume of air e-cylinder?

A

625 liters

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13
Q

Initial pressure of air e-cylinder?

A

2000 psig

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14
Q

If pressure reads 2200psig, what is the absolute pressure?

A

2200 psi + 14.7 psi = 2214.7 psia

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15
Q

At a constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature.

A

Charles’ Law

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16
Q

Charle’s Law

A

Charle’s Law

V1/T1 = V2/T2

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17
Q

At a constant volume, the absolute pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature.

A

Don’s Law

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18
Q

Don’s Law

A

P1/T1 = P2/T2

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19
Q

STP

A

T = 273 K, 0 C

P = 760 mmHg

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20
Q

RTP

A

T = 293 K, 20 C

P = 760 mmHg

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21
Q

BTP

A

T = 310 K, 37 C

P = 760 mmHg

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22
Q

In a mixture of gases, the pressure exerted by each gas is the same as that which it would exert if it alone occupied the container

A

Dalton’s Law

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23
Q

Celcius to Farenheit

A

9/5 C +32

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24
Q

If gases are separated out, each gas has ____ pressure.

A

decreased

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25
Q

Dalton’s Law

A

Vt/Pt = Vx/Px = Vy/Py

or Vx/Vy = Px/Py

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26
Q

The ratio of partial volumes to partial pressures is equal and equals the ratio of total volume to total pressure.

A

Vx/Vy = Px/Py

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27
Q

An etonox cylinder contains

A

50 kPa of N2O

50 kPa of O2

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28
Q

Dalton’s law in an air cylinder

A

21% O2

79% N2

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29
Q

What is the primary gas in the anesthesia delivery system, and is the carrier gas in many types of vaporizers, the driving gas for most ventilators, and the gas that controls the fail-safe mechanism (without adequate oxygen pressure all other gases are automatically turned off) inherent in all anesthesia delivery systems?

A

oxygen

30
Q

ON EXAM

Prolonged high concentrations of oxygen may produce severe complications in some patients. There are five frequently discussed clinical conditions in which oxygen has been identified as the sole precipitating cause:

A
  • 1) convulsions
  • 2). toxicity (oxygen)
  • 3)atelectasis
  • 4) ventilation
  • 5) Retrolental fibroplasia.
31
Q

High concentrations of oxygen in zones of the lung with ___ ventilation: perfusion ratios will result in collapse (referred to atelectasis) of the alveoli, and a decrease in the ability to oxygenate the blood.

A

low

32
Q

Nitrous gas provides amnesia and some analgesia and can be an anesthetic by itself. True or false?

A

False

33
Q

Cryosurgical devices used by thoracic and ophthalmologic surgeons are powered by E cylinders of what gas?

A

nitrous oxide

34
Q

There are a number of other gases used in the delivery of anesthesia for special purposes. Nitrogen is one of them. True or false?

A

False

Nitrogen is usually supplied to operating rooms for the sole purpose of providing a gas to drive pneumatic devices such as saws and drills.

35
Q

__________ is a colorless gas that is a strong irritant to the respiratory tract in high concentrations.

A

Nitric Oxide (NO)

36
Q

Ideal gas law

A

PV =nRT

37
Q

Ideal gas law: P is

A

absolute pressure

38
Q

Ideal gas law: n is

A

number of moles

39
Q

Ideal gas law: R is

A

universal gas constant

40
Q

Ideal gas law: T is

A

absolute temperature

41
Q

If the oxygen in a full e cylinder is allowed to expand at 1 atm, the volume it would occupy would be?

A

660L

42
Q

Water vapor pressure at 37 C =

A

47mmHg

43
Q

If you start with a cylinder of 13.8 bar of CO2 in tank and add O2. Final pressure is 138 bar. How much CO2 in percent?

A

10 %

44
Q

Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules is what?

A

Avogadro’s hypothesis

45
Q

1 mole = ____________ molecules

A

6.022 x 10^23

46
Q

1 mole of any gas at STP, occupies ____ liters

A

22.4L

47
Q

1 mole at RTP, occupies ___ liter

A

24.0 liters

48
Q

1 mole of any gas at BTP, occupies ____ L

A

25.4 liters

49
Q

Tare weight of an “E” cylinder is about ____ kg

A

6

50
Q

1 mole of N2O is ____ and occupies ___ at ____TP.

____ L per mole

A
  • 44 grams
  • 22.4L
  • STP

22.4

51
Q

Alveolar oxygen equation

A

PaO2 = FiO2 (Pb-Pa(H2O)) - (PaCO2/R)

= 0.21(760mmHg - 47) - (40 / 0.8)

52
Q

PaO2 approximately

A

100mmHg

53
Q

PO2 room air =

A

99.73 mmHg

54
Q

PO2 with FiO2 = 0.5 is ___mmHg

A

300 mmHg

55
Q

PO2 with FiO2 = 1 is ____mmHg

A

660 mmHg

56
Q

If alveolar gases are treated as inert, partial pressure of N2 and O2 is___

A

760 = PN2 + PH2O + PO2 + PCO2

PN2 + 47 + PO2 + 40

673 = PN2 + PO2

PN2 = 0.79 * 673 = 531

PO2 = 0.21 * 673 = 141.3

57
Q

The isotherm for nitrous oxide:

A

If the pressure gets high enough and the temperature gets low enough, it becomes a liquid

58
Q

The critical temperature of N2O is:

If N2O is above this critical temperature, liquidifaction can not occur.

A

36.5 C

Since RT (20 C) is below this critical temperature, N2O exists in liquid form

59
Q

What is the pressure in bar/psi when N2O is at room temperature?

A

52 bar

764 psi

60
Q

If N2O is under 750 psi, _____.

Change the cylinder about_____psi.

A

only gas remains in the cylinder. This is the point when the last drop of the liquid exists, and only the vapor exists.

500

61
Q

The temperature above which a substance cannot be liquefied however much pressure is applied is called:

A

critical temperature which is 36.5 C for nitrous.

62
Q

A sustance above its critical temperature is in its ____ form

A

gaseous

for example O2 and N2 at room temp

63
Q

Vapor

A

A substance in its gas like state but below its critical temperature

For example, N20, CO2, Sevo

64
Q

When N2O is delivered to the patient at RT, it exists as a _____ but when it reaches BT, it exists as a _____.

A
  • vapor
  • gas
  • However we will treat N2O as a gas when delivered to the patient
65
Q

N2O tanks have a ____ ____ so that it does not explode.

A

fusable plug

66
Q

When calculating the amount of N2O remaining in the tank, use the ____ _____.

A

filling ratio

67
Q

Filling ratio of nitrous (N2O)

A

Mass of N20/Mass of water that would fill the cylinder (4.8kg) because 4.8L = 4.8 kg

Numerically = Mass of N2O (kg) / volume of cylinder (L)

68
Q

Filling ratio of N2O is the US is_____

A

0.68

69
Q

What are the moles of N2O in E-cylinder?

A

total grams of N2O in E cylinder (4800 grams)

because 4800 grams N20 = 4800 grams water (4.8 L = 4.8 kg)

(4800gram N2O* 0.68) * 1mole/ 44 gram = 69.5 mole

70
Q

What is the volume in L of N20 in E cylinder at RT?

A

69.5 mole N2O * 24L/mole = 1668 L of N2O

71
Q

If calculating N2O in operating room temp, use ____ not _____ conditions

A

RT

STP

72
Q

Temperature is a measurement of the average _________ ________ of the substance being measured.

A

kinetic energy

Physics (10 decks)

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