Gas Slides Flashcards by Cindy Ehret

In a gas/liquid interface, given thermodynamic properties of all these gases, some of these gases enter into the liquid and come right back out. When they come back out, they (gain/lose) energy.

lose

It takes them moments before they can exit the liquid again.

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Gas is ______ in the liquid.

dissolved and have less energy

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Arterial blood gas samples include O2 and CO2 values. For example, pO2(arterial) = 100 mmHg pressure is the dissolved state of the gas that delivers O2 from the blood to the tissues. True or false?

True

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If you decrease the volume in a container with everything else being constant, the pressure _______.

increases

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Constant temperature, the volume of a given mass of gas varies inversely with the absolute pressure.

Boyle’s Law

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P1V1 = P2V2

Boyle’s Law

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If we decrease the volume by half, then we increase the pressure by ___ fold if the temperature is held constant.

Which law is applied?

2 fold

Boyle’s Law

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What is the containment volume of an E-cylinder?

4.8 - 5 Liters

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1 atm = _____ kPa

101.33 kPa

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What is the pressure of a full oxygen E-cylinder?

2200 psig

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What is the volume of oxygen E cylinder?

625 Liters

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Initial volume of air e-cylinder?

625 liters

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Initial pressure of air e-cylinder?

2000 psig

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If pressure reads 2200psig, what is the absolute pressure?

2200 psi + 14.7 psi = 2214.7 psia

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At a constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature.

Charles’ Law

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Charle’s Law

V1/T1 = V2/T2

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At a constant volume, the absolute pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature.

Don’s Law

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Don’s Law

P1/T1 = P2/T2

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STP

T = 273 K, 0 C

P = 760 mmHg

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RTP

T = 293 K, 20 C

P = 760 mmHg

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BTP

T = 310 K, 37 C

P = 760 mmHg

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In a mixture of gases, the pressure exerted by each gas is the same as that which it would exert if it alone occupied the container

Dalton’s Law

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Celcius to Farenheit

9/5 C +32

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If gases are separated out, each gas has ____ pressure.

decreased

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Dalton's Law

Vt/Pt = Vx/Px = Vy/Py or Vx/Vy = Px/Py

The ratio of partial volumes to partial pressures is equal and equals the ratio of total volume to total pressure.

Vx/Vy = Px/Py

An etonox cylinder contains

50 kPa of N2O 50 kPa of O2

Dalton's law in an air cylinder

21% O2 79% N2

What is the primary gas in the anesthesia delivery system, and is the carrier gas in many types of vaporizers, the driving gas for most ventilators, and the gas that controls the fail-safe mechanism (without adequate oxygen pressure all other gases are automatically turned off) inherent in all anesthesia delivery systems?

oxygen

ON EXAM Prolonged high concentrations of oxygen may produce severe complications in some patients. There are five frequently discussed clinical conditions in which oxygen has been identified as the sole precipitating cause:

* 1) convulsions * 2). toxicity (oxygen) * 3)atelectasis * 4) ventilation * 5) Retrolental fibroplasia.

High concentrations of oxygen in zones of the lung with ___ ventilation: perfusion ratios will result in collapse (referred to atelectasis) of the alveoli, and a decrease in the ability to oxygenate the blood.

low

Nitrous gas provides amnesia and some analgesia and can be an anesthetic by itself. True or false?

False

Cryosurgical devices used by thoracic and ophthalmologic surgeons are powered by E cylinders of what gas?

nitrous oxide

There are a number of other gases used in the delivery of anesthesia for special purposes. Nitrogen is one of them. True or false?

False Nitrogen is usually supplied to operating rooms for the sole purpose of providing a gas to drive pneumatic devices such as saws and drills.

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a colorless gas that is a strong irritant to the respiratory tract in high concentrations.

Nitric Oxide (NO)

Ideal gas law

PV =nRT

Ideal gas law: P is

absolute pressure

Ideal gas law: n is

number of moles

Ideal gas law: R is

universal gas constant

Ideal gas law: T is

absolute temperature

If the oxygen in a full e cylinder is allowed to expand at 1 atm, the volume it would occupy would be?

660L

Water vapor pressure at 37 C =

47mmHg

If you start with a cylinder of 13.8 bar of CO2 in tank and add O2. Final pressure is 138 bar. How much CO2 in percent?

10 %

Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules is what?

Avogadro's hypothesis

1 mole = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ molecules

6.022 x 10^23

1 mole of any gas at STP, occupies ____ liters

22.4L

1 mole at RTP, occupies ___ liter

24.0 liters

1 mole of any gas at BTP, occupies ____ L

25.4 liters

Tare weight of an "E" cylinder is about ____ kg

1 mole of N2O is ____ and occupies ___ at \_\_\_\_TP. \_\_\_\_ L per mole

* 44 grams * 22.4L * STP 22.4

Alveolar oxygen equation

PaO2 = FiO2 (Pb-Pa(H2O)) - (PaCO2/R) = 0.21(760mmHg - 47) - (40 / 0.8)

PaO2 approximately

100mmHg

PO2 room air =

99.73 mmHg

PO2 with FiO2 = 0.5 is \_\_\_mmHg

300 mmHg

PO2 with FiO2 = 1 is \_\_\_\_mmHg

660 mmHg

If alveolar gases are treated as inert, partial pressure of N2 and O2 is\_\_\_

760 = PN2 + PH2O + PO2 + PCO2 PN2 + 47 + PO2 + 40 673 = PN2 + PO2 PN2 = 0.79 \* 673 = 531 PO2 = 0.21 \* 673 = 141.3

The isotherm for nitrous oxide:

If the pressure gets high enough and the temperature gets low enough, it becomes a liquid

The critical temperature of N2O is: If N2O is above this critical temperature, liquidifaction can not occur.

36.5 C Since RT (20 C) is below this critical temperature, N2O exists in liquid form

What is the pressure in bar/psi when N2O is at room temperature?

52 bar 764 psi

If N2O is under 750 psi, \_\_\_\_\_. Change the cylinder about\_\_\_\_\_psi.

only gas remains in the cylinder. This is the point when the last drop of the liquid exists, and only the vapor exists. 500

The temperature above which a substance cannot be liquefied however much pressure is applied is called:

critical temperature which is 36.5 C for nitrous.

A sustance above its critical temperature is in its ____ form

gaseous for example O2 and **N2** at room temp

Vapor

A substance in its gas like state but below its critical temperature For example, N20, CO2, Sevo

When N2O is delivered to the patient at RT, it exists as a _____ but when it reaches BT, it exists as a \_\_\_\_\_.

* vapor * gas * However we will treat N2O as a gas when delivered to the patient

N2O tanks have a ____ \_\_\_\_ so that it does not explode.

fusable plug

When calculating the amount of N2O remaining in the tank, use the ____ \_\_\_\_\_.

filling ratio

Filling ratio of nitrous (N2O)

Mass of N20/Mass of water that would fill the cylinder (4.8kg) because 4.8L = 4.8 kg Numerically = Mass of N2O (kg) / volume of cylinder (L)

Filling ratio of N2O is the US is\_\_\_\_\_

0.68

What are the moles of N2O in E-cylinder?

total grams of N2O in E cylinder (4800 grams) because 4800 grams N20 = 4800 grams water (4.8 L = 4.8 kg) (4800gram N2O\* 0.68) \* 1mole/ 44 gram = 69.5 mole

What is the volume in L of N20 in E cylinder at RT?

69.5 mole N2O \* 24L/mole = 1668 L of N2O

If calculating N2O in operating room temp, use ____ not _____ conditions

RT STP

Temperature is a measurement of the average _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the substance being measured.

kinetic energy