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Environmental Protection > Gas Pollution Control > Flashcards

Gas Pollution Control Flashcards

1
Q

define stationary sources of pollutants

A

fixed emitter of pollutants

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2
Q

define mobile sources of pollutants

A

moving emitter of pollutants

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3
Q

define natural sources of pollution

A

emitter from a natural source

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4
Q

what pollutants are released in traffic related air pollution

A

PMx, VOC, NOX and CO

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5
Q

define primary pollutants

A

pollutants directly into atmosphere

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6
Q

define secondary pollutants

A

pollutants created through chemical reactions in the atmosphere

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7
Q

what is photochemical smog and how is it formed?

A

smoky fog formed from sunlight reactions between VOC and NOx

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8
Q

define acid rain

A

any form of precipitation with acidic components that fall to the ground in wet or dry forms

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9
Q

draw a diagram representing acid rain formation and deposition

A
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10
Q

what is a plume?

A
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11
Q

name the 5 factors that have an impact on atmospheric stability and explain why?

A
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12
Q

what is the working principle of gravitational separator?

A

carrier gas passes through settling chamber at a low velocity. The solid particles then settle to the bottom of chamber, due to their higher density.

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13
Q

name two advantages of a gravitational separator

A

removes larger particles >45
high maximum operating temperature (550)

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14
Q

name two disadvantages of a gravitational separator

A

not a standalone separator
cannot remove small particles

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15
Q

working principle of a cyclone

A

dirty gas passes in through the inlet and inside the chamber, a spiral vortex is formed which can remove medium sized particles through inertia. The larger particles will hit the wall and fall to the bottom to be collected.

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16
Q

advantages of cyclone

A

removes medium particles >5

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17
Q

disadvantages of cyclones

A

cannot remove smaller particles
cannot remove sticky or fluffy particles

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18
Q

working principle of gravity spray tower

A

solid particles collect onto liquid stream particles through impaction or interception

19
Q

working principle of packed bed/tower

A

solid particles attach onto particles which have a liquid film around them

20
Q

disadvantage of packed/bed tower

A

prone to high pressure loss and clogging

21
Q

working principle of a venturi (draw a diagram)

A

liquid particles accelerate through low pressure venturi throat and capture particles by impaction.

22
Q

disadvantage of absorption techniques for seperation

A

not suitable where there is wide variations in gas flow
not suitable for large gas flow
produces a sludge

23
Q

advantages of a venturi

A

separates small particles <5
very high efficiency

24
Q

advantages of absorption techniques

A

can treat hot, combustible, acidic streams

25
Q

working principle for fabric filters

A

dirty gas stream passes through woven or felted fabric that filters out particulate matter

26
Q

advantages of fabric filters

A

can separate very small particles

27
Q

working principle of ESP

A

electron avalances move out of corona regions and attach to gas molecules with attach to incoming particles

28
Q

State 3 advantages of ESP

A

works for continuous steady flow
works best for consistent particle properties
works best for liquid particles
works well for a wide range of particle sizes

29
Q

disadvantages of ESP

A

cannot collect control solids or sticky particles

30
Q

define corona generation

A

electrical discharge generated by ionization of a fluid

31
Q

define field charging

A

collision of particles with gas ions which travel along field lines (impaction)

31
Q

define diffusion charging

A

collision of particles with gas ions due to diffusion

32
Q

write an expression for scrubbing of SO2

A
33
Q

State the four mechanisms that can work for removing gaseous pollutants from air?

A

absorption
adsorption
combustion
condensation

34
Q

write an expression for oxidising catalytic systems in catalytic converter?

A

CO + O2 -> 2CO2

35
Q

write an expression for reducing catalytic systems in catalytic converter?

A

NOx-> N + O2

36
Q

write 2 expressions for three way catalytic converter?

A

2NO + CO -> N2 + CO2

37
Q

what is the working principle for fibrous gas filtration?

A
38
Q

where are prefilters and panel filters used?

A

building ventilation systems

39
Q

where are pocket filters mainly used?

A

heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) applications

40
Q

what is the working principle of a coalescer?

A

prefilter and then 2 stages of coalescence

41
Q

define interception

A

where a particle follows a flow stream until it colldies with a collector or filter medium

42
Q

define impaction

A

where a particle because of its inertia goes off stream and that way collides with a collector for filter medium

Environmental Protection (3 decks)

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