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AP Chemistry > Gas Laws > Flashcards

Gas Laws Flashcards

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1
Q

Gases…

A

fill containers, mix completely, exert pressure on container

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2
Q

Pressure=

A

Force/Area

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3
Q

1 Pascal=

A

1 N/m^2

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4
Q

Manometer

A

contained gas in one side, liquid mercury, atmospheric pressure on other side; pressure measured by height difference of Hg in mm; Pgas=Patm+Height

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5
Q

Torr vs atm

A

1 atm =760 mm Hg = 760 torr

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6
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

P1V1=P2V2; pressure and volume are inverse

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7
Q

Charles’ Law

A

V1/T1=V2/T2; volume and temperature are direct

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8
Q

Partial Pressure

A

Total pressure of a container; pressure of each gas combined, sum of pressures

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9
Q

Ideal Gas Law

A

PV=nRT

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10
Q

Avogadro’s Law

A

V1/n1=V2/n2; volume and moles are direct

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11
Q

Dalton’s Law

A

solve for P using ideal gas law/boyles law/avogadros law and use the total vs their sums to find values

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12
Q

Partial Pressure of a gas =

A

it’s mole fraction (moles of gas/total moles) times it’s total pressure

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13
Q

collecting gas over water

A

Ptotal= Pgas +Pwater

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14
Q

Mass and Kinetic Energy of a molecule

A

Kinetic-Molecular theory tells us that lightweight molecules are faster than heavier ones if temperature is constant

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15
Q

molecular speed=

A

sqrt(3RT/molar mass)

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16
Q

effusion

A

if gas is given a tiny hole, the lighter the molecules, the faster it leaks

17
Q

diffusion

A

the spread of a gas introduced to another, the lighter molecules move and spread faster BUT molecular collisions complicate the rate

18
Q

Graham’s Law of effusion

A

r1/r2=sqrt(molar mass2/molar mass1); can compare rate of effusion

19
Q

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

A
  1. If there are a lot of molecules, they move constantly
  2. Combined mass of molecules is negligible compared to volume
  3. Molecules aren’t attractive/repulsive
  4. Collisions are perfectly elastic so avg KE doesn’t change
  5. KE is proportional to temperature
20
Q

collecting gases over water

A

Ptotal=Pgas +Pwater

AP Chemistry (8 decks)

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