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ANES PhysiCs Exam 2 > Gas Laws > Flashcards

Gas Laws Flashcards

cummulative information for exam 2

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1
Q

What are the vales for :

Absolute pressure and temp

Room pressure and temp

Body temp

A

Absolute – 273.15 K 0 C @ 1 atm

Room - 293K 20 C @ 1 atm

Body - 310K 37 C @ 1 atm

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2
Q

Law— at a constant temperature, the volume of a given mass of gas varies inversely with the absolute pressure ?

A

Boyle’s Law

P1V1 = P2V2

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3
Q

What is constant in Boyle’s law?

A

Temperature: “Boyle had TB”

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4
Q

Formula for ideal gas law?

A

PV=nRT (NOTE: Pressure and Temp are Absolute)

use to derive the 3 gas laws

P = pressure

V = volume

n = number of moles

R = ideal gas constant

T = temperature

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5
Q

What is an example of applying Boyle’s law?

A

calculating the amount of oxygen available at 1 atm

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6
Q

1 atm = _____ kPa

A

1 atm = 101.33 kPa 1 atm ~ 100 kPa

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7
Q

What is the water capacity of an E cylinder?

A

4.8 L

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8
Q

1 atm = _____ psi

A

14.7 psi

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9
Q

Law — at a constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature?

A

Charles’s Law

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10
Q

What is the contant in Charles’s Law?

A

pressure; “Charles had CP”

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11
Q

Law— at a constant volume, the absolute pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature?

A

Don’s Law

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12
Q

What is constant in Don’s Law?

A

volume; “Don had VD”

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13
Q

When given a problem to solve, how do you decide which gas law to use?

A
  1. set the variables = to the constants 2. drop the constants 3. use given variables to solve for the unknown variable
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14
Q

What is STP?

A

Standard Temp and Pressure T= 273 K, 0 C P= 760 mmHg

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15
Q

What is RTP?

A

Room Temp and Pressure T= 293 K, 20 C P= 760 mmHg

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16
Q

What is BTP?

A

Body Temp and Pressure T= 310 K, 37 C P= 760 mmHg

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17
Q

A fire breaks out in the dental office near the nitrous tank storage room, what could happen to the tanks? why?x

A

a. explode b. heat would cause the gas to expand, therefor increase pressure with in the tank

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18
Q

How does the cryprobe work?

A

adiabatic process

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19
Q

What is adiabatic process?

A

altering the state of gas without allowing the gas to exchange heat energy with it’s surroundings. Adiabatic heating = rapid pressure increase(compression) Adiabatic cooling = rapid pressure decrease (expansion)

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20
Q

Law— in a mixture of gases the pressure exerted by each gas is the sames as that which it woudl exert if it alone occupied the container?

A

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure

21
Q

How is the ideal gas law applied to partial pressures?

A

The ratio of partial volumes to partial pressures is equal and equals the ratio of total volume to total pressure

22
Q

What type of problem might Dalton’s Law be used in ?

A

calculating the partial pressure of O2 against partial pressure of N2O in the same tank

23
Q

What is the pressure inside the O2 E cylinders used in the hospital?

A

1900 psi(g)

24
Q

What is the volume in O2 E cylinders that we use at the hospital?

A

660 L

25
Q

What is the relative nominal cylinder pressure at constant temp 15 C in an O2 E tank?

A

137 bar

26
Q

What is the relative contents (in L) at constant temp 15 C in an O2 E tank?

A

680 L

27
Q

What idea can be used to calculate the real values of compressed gases as compared to Boyle’s law?

A

van der Waals forces

28
Q

What is water vapor pressure at 37 C? (in mmHg)

A

47 mmHg

29
Q

What is water vapor pressure at 37 C? (in kPa)

A

6.3 kPa

30
Q

Formula for alveolar partial pressure devired from ETCO2

A

PACO2 = [(Ambient pressure - H2O vapor pressure) x CO2 concentration]/100

example : ETCO2 = 5.6 %

PACO2 = [(101.3 kPa - 6.3 kPa)(5.6%)] = 5.3 kPa which = 40 mmHg

31
Q

State Avogadro’s hypothesis

A

equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules

32
Q

What is avogadro’s number?

A

1 mole = 6.022 X 1023 molecules

33
Q

1 mole at STP (standard) occupies how much volume?

A

22.4 L

34
Q

1 mole at RTP (room) occupies how much volume?

A

24 L

35
Q

1 mole at BTP occupies how much volume?

A

25.4 L

36
Q

what happens to CO2 (at RTP) that was insuflated into adbomen?

A

expands d/t body temp

37
Q

What is the PAO2 at the following FiO2 :

.21

.50

1

A

PAO2 @ 0.21 = 100 mmHg

PAO2 @ 0.50 = 300 mmHg

PAO2 @ 1 = 663 mmHg

38
Q

state the formula for Alveolar Oxygen Equation

A

PAO2 = FiO2(PB - PAH2O) - (PACO2/R)

PAH2O = 47 mmHg (vapor pressure)

PACO2 = 40 mmHg

39
Q

What is critical temp?

A

temperature above which liquification does not occur

40
Q

what is critical pressure?

A

the pressure (= vapor pressure) at the critical temperature

41
Q

what is the critical temp of nitrous oxide

A

36.5 C

42
Q

When would you be able to use boyle’s law to calculate the pressure in a nitrous oxide tank?

A

when all the liquid is gone (1/4 full) gas pressure only in the tank a745 psi(g)

43
Q

what is the definition of a gas

A

a substance above its critical temperature

(i.e. O2, N2 at RTP)

44
Q

what is the definition of a vapor?

A

A susbstance in a gas like state but below it’s critical termperature

(i.e. N20, CO2, Sevo @ RTP)

45
Q

what allows the pressure out of N2O tank that has been exposed to increase temperatures

A

temperature dependent fusable plugs

46
Q

how do you calculate filling ratio

A

mass of gas (kg) / mass of H20 that would fill cylinder

1 L H20 = 1 kg

for mass of gas, add atomic weights

Mass of gas (kg) / volume of cylinder (L)

47
Q

Filling ratio in the US

A

0.68

48
Q

Filling ratio in the UK

A

0.75

49
Q

What is the tare (empty) weight of an E cylinder? H Cylinder?

A

E = 14 kg

H = 119 kg

ANES PhysiCs Exam 2 (3 decks)

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