Gas Laws Flashcards
What is the kinetic theory of gases?
A theory that assumes a body of gas is composed of identical molecules that behave like minute elastic spheres, spaced far apart and continuously in motion.
How does temperature affect molecular motion in gases?
An increase in temperature results in increased molecular motion and a greater number of collisions between molecules.
What happens to gas in a sealed, elastic container when temperature increases?
The increased pressure causes the container to expand.
What is Boyle’s Law?
The volume of an enclosed dry gas varies inversely with its absolute pressure, provided the temperature remains constant.
What is the formula used for Boyle’s Law calculations?
V1P1 = V2P2
What is the application of Boyle’s Law in aviation?
- Carbon dioxide bottles for life rafts and vests
- Compressed oxygen and acetylene tanks for welding
- Compressed air brakes and shock absorbers
- Oxygen tanks for high altitude flying and emergencies
Who discovered Charles’ Law?
Jacques Charles.
What does Charles’ Law state?
All gases expand and contract in direct proportion to the change in absolute temperature, provided pressure is constant.
What is the relationship of pressure and temperature in Charles’ Law when volume is constant?
Pressure and temperature are directly proportional.
What is the General Gas Law?
A single expression that combines Boyle’s and Charles’ laws to state all the information contained in both.
What is Dalton’s Law?
A mixture of gases that do not react chemically exerts a pressure equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
Fill in the blank: The pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the _______.
partial pressures
True or False: The absolute pressure of a gas increases with an increase in the number of molecular collisions.
True
What is meant by ‘partial pressure’ in a gas mixture?
The reduced pressure of each gas in a mixture that does not combine chemically.
What happens to the volume of gas when absolute pressure is doubled while temperature is constant?
The volume is reduced to half.
How is temperature converted to absolute for gas law calculations?
Fahrenheit + 460 = Rankine
What is the significance of using absolute values for pressure and temperature in gas law calculations?
It ensures accurate results when applying gas laws.
What does the term ‘compressibility’ refer to in the context of gases?
The ability of gases to decrease in volume under pressure.
Fill in the blank: Boyle’s law is also referred to as the law of _______.
springiness of air
What are the units typically used for pressure in gas law calculations?
psia (absolute pressure) or psig (gauge pressure)
What is the result of reducing the volume of a gas while keeping temperature constant?
The pressure increases.
What is the equation for Boyle’s Law?
Volume 1 x absolute pressure 1 = volume 2 x absolute pressure 2
V1P1 = V2P2
What are the equations for Charle’s Law?
Volume 1 x absolute pressure 2 = Volume 2 x absolute temperature 1
V1T2 = V2T1
pressure 1 x temperature 2 = pressure 2 x temperature 1
P1T2 = P2T1
