Gas Laws Flashcards
A gas is…
A substance with no well-defined boundaries, that diffuses to fill space
Volume
Amount of space an object occupies
Temperature
A measure of how hot or cold an object is
Standard temperature
273 K
Pressure
Force per unit area
Standard pressure
100 000 Pa = 100 kPa
Boyles Law
At a constant temperature, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure
Charles Law
At a constant pressure the volume of a fixed mass of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature
The Combined Gas Law
Or
General Gas Law
Combination of Boyles and Charles Laws
Gay Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes
When gases react, the volumes of gaseous reactants and any gaseous products, are in the ratio of small whole numbers(provided all are measured under the same conditions of temperature and pressure)
Avogadro’s Law
Equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules, under the same conditions of temperature and pressure
The Kinetic Theory of Gases
Developed by James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann;
1: Gas particles are in constant rapid random motion, colliding with each other and walls of container
2: No attraction or repulsive forces between particles
3: Gas particles are so small and widely spread out that their actual volume is NEGLIGABLE compared to the actual space they occupy
4: All collisions between particles are perfectly ELASTIC. ( no loss/gain of energy just transfer of energy between particles)
5: Average kinetic energy of particles is PROPORTIONAL to Kelvin temperature
Ideal Gas
a gas that obeys ALL the assumptions of the Kinetic Theory of gases, under ALL conditions of temperature and pressure
2 Limitations of the Kinetic Theory of gases
Or
2 reasons a Real Gas Deviates from that of Ideal Gas
1: Real gases DO have forces of attraction and repulsion between their molecules
2: Volume is not negligible compared to space between molecules at high pressure
2 conditions that Real gases DEVIATE most from the Ideal Gas behaviour
1: High pressure
and
2: Low temperature
