Gas exchange - Mammal and Fish Flashcards
Why do some multicellular organisms need gas exchange?
They have low SA:V, having multiple cells=long diffusion path, High metabolic rate so need lots of O2
What is “Tissue”?
A group of cells that work together as a unit
What is a “Organ”?
A collection of tissue that form a unit for a particular function
What do Goblet cells do and why?
Secrete mucus to trap microorganisms
What do Cilia do and why?
They waft mucus towards the throat to prevent lung infection
What do Elastic fibres do and why?
They stretch and recoil to help push out air
What is the pathway of air in the mammalian lungs?
Down the trachea into 2 bronchi, one into each lungs. Then branching off into bronchioles. Alveoli within the bronchioles do gas exchange.
How is the Trachea adapted for its function?
1)Rings of cartilage for structure
2)Goblet cells for mucus
3)Ciliated epithelium to move mucus
How is the Bronchi/Bronchioles adapted for its function?
1)Smooth muscle to constrict and dilate, controlling air flow
2)Elastic fibres so lungs can stretch and recoil
What are some adaptations of the Alveoli for its function?
Large SA:V, Thin wall=short diffusion path, moist to help gas pass through, Elastic fibres for stretch and recoil, Good blood supply from capillaries
Describe the process of Inspiration.
1)Diaphragm contracts down
2)External intercoastal muscles contract up and outwards
3)Up vol=Down pressure
4)Air flows in
Describe the process of Expiration.
1)Diaphragm relaxes and move up
2)External intercoastal muscles relax and ribs fall
3)Vol of lungs down=pressure Up
4)Air is moved out the lungs
What are the buzz words for the Spirometer.
1)Soda lime=absorb CO2
2)Medical grade O2
3)SEALED AIRWAY so no breathing or out stuff not spirometer related
What type of circulatory system do bony fish have?
Single closed :)
Explain the counter current flow of a fish.
Deoxygenated blood flows along the gill arch and capillaries. This is in the opposite direction to the high O2 conc water flowing over the lamellae. O2 from water comes in and CO2 from blood goes into the water
Describe the ventilation process of a Bony fish.
1)Mouth opens Buccal cavity lowers=Vol Up and pressure Down
2)Water moves into cavity
3) Mouth closes Buccal cavity raises=Vol down and pressure up
4)Water is forces out across gill arch and filaments
5)operculum opens water leaves
Explain the tracheal system of insects.
Air enters through pores known as spiracles. This air is transported though a series of Trachea and tracheoles. They lead to tracheal fluid which is where gas exchange happens
