Cell Division-(mitosis/meiosis) Flashcards
State in order the cell cycle
M phase, G1, S , G2
What is the M phase
Mitosis and cytokines
What is the G1 phase and G1 checkpoint
G1 phase consists of cell growth, the the formation/replication of organelle and protein synthesis.
The G1 checkpoint, checks cell size and DNA damage.
What happens in S phase
Cell DNA is replicated
What happens in the G2 phase and G2 checkpoint
G2 phase-More protein synthesis and cell growth
G2 checkpoint-checks that DNA has been replicated without damage
What happens at G0
Damaged or specialised cells detected at checkpoints go to G0 to chill
What is the purpose of mitosis?
To produce genetically identical cells to either replace or repair damaged one and for GROWTH
What are the stages of mitosis (i peed myself at Tesco)
Interphase,Prophase,Metaphase,Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokenisis
What happens during Interphase?
DNA and organelle is replicated.
DNA is unravled
What happens during Prophase?
Chromosomes condense and centrioles start to move to opposite poles
What happens during Metaphase?
Chromosomes align at the equator attached to spindle fibres from the centrioles
What happens during Anaphase?
centromeres divide and sperate each sister chromatid pair
What happens during Telophase?
Chromatids reach opposite poles and nuclear envelope forms around each group of chromosomes.
What happens during Cytokinesis?
Cytoplasm divides forming 2 genetically identical daughter cells
What is meant by the term “stem cell”?
An undifferentiated cell with the ability to become differentiated for a specific role
What is the purpose of Meiosis?
The production of gametes in reproductive organs
State the names if each stage of meiosis
interphase, Prophase1, Metaphase1, Anaphase1,Telpohase1. Prophase2, Metaphase2, Anaphase2, Telophase2
What happens during Prophase1?
Chromatids condense and form homologous pairs in a crossed over state so that the sister and non-sister can exchange
What happens during Telophase1?
A nuclear envelope forms around each chromosome
What happens during Metaphase1?
The homologous pair lines up at the equator and attached to spindle fibres
What happens during Anaphase1?
Spindle fibres contract and separate the homologous pairs into one chromosome at each end. Each chromosome now containing part of the sister and non sister
What happens during Prophase2?
Chromosomes condense and are no longer identical due to crossing over in prophase1
What happens during Metaphase2?
Chromosomes attach by their centromere to the spindle fibres and align at the equator and randomly arrange
What happens during Telophase 2?
Nuclear envelope forms around each haploid.
