Gas Exchange: Humans Flashcards
What is the thorax?
–>the chest
What are all the structures in the thorax?
- ->ribs
- ->Intercostal muscles
- -> Diaphragm
- ->Trachea
- ->Bronchi
- ->Bronchioles
- ->Alveoli
- ->Pleural membranes
What are the ribs?
- ->bone struct.
- ->PROTECTS
- ->internal organs
(e.g: lungs)
What are the intercostal muscles?
- -> Muscles between ribs
- ->which cont. their movement;
- -> leading to inhal. exhal.
What is the diaphragm?
- ->SHEET of conn. tissu.
- ->+ muscle at bott. thorax
What is the trachea?
- ->WINDPIPE
- ->connects mouth + tissue
- ->2 lungs
- -> carry air from enviro. 2 lungs
What are the Bronchi?
- ->TWO LARGE tubes
- ->branching out from trach.
What are the Bronchioles?
- -> SMALL tubes
- ->branching out from bronchi
N.B: think of a tree, with the trunk, branches, twigs and leaves
What are the alveoli?
- ->tiny AIR SACS
- -> where gas exchange take place
Where does gas exchange take place?
–> in the alveoli
What are the pleural membranes?
–>thin,moist membranes around lungs
What is the function of the Bronchi?
–>Carries air to lungs
What is the function of the bronchioles?
–> Carry air to aveoli
What is the function of the ribs?
- ->protect
- ->+ventilate lungs
What is the function of the diaphragm?
- ->changes volume of thorax
- ->2 allow inhalation + exhalation
- ->sep. thorax from
- ->abdomen
What is the function of the intercostal muscles?
- -> move ribs
- ->4 breathing
What is the function of the pleural membranes
- -> Create air seal around lungs
- -> prov. lubrication
- ->redu. frict. when breathing
What occurs during inhalation?
- ->intercostal muscles contract
- ->IM pull rib cage up + out
- ->diaph. contracts +FLATTENS
- ->vol of thorax increas.
- ->air pressure lower
- -> air drawn in 2 EQUALIZE press.
What occurs during exhalation?
- ->intercostal muscles relax
- -> IM causes ribcage move down+in
- -> diaph. relaxes + moves back in +”squashes” lung
- ->Vol of thorax decreases
- ->air pressure higher
- -> FORCES air out
