Gas Exchange & Diseases

Question 1

What effect does altitude have on respiration?

Answer 1

As you go up in elevation, atmospheric pressure decreases. Kidneys secrete EPO (hormone) which stimulates red blood cell production. Similar to effects of blood doping

Question 2

O2 transported in blood: 2 ways

Answer 2

Dissolves in plasma (1.5%)

Carried by hemoglobin in red blood cells (98.5%)

Question 3

CO2 transported in blood 3 ways?

Answer 3

Dissolved in plasma (7%), carried by hemoglobin as carbominohemoglobin (20%), reacting with water to form carbonic acid (73%)

Question 4

CO2 +H20-> H2CO3->H2O+CO2?

Answer 4

Hemoglobin picks up Hydrogen ions until reached lungs. At lungs hemoglobin release H ions to make carbonic acid again then will break down into CO2 to be exhaled

Question 5

Asthma? Ventilation problem

Answer 5

Bronchi temporarily swollen & mucus resists airflow (hard to breathe)

Question 6

Chronic Bronchitis- Ventilation

Answer 6

Bronchi permanently swollen & have too much mucus person coughs and breathless due to less O2

Question 7

Emphysema-Gas exchange

Answer 7

Alveoli collapse and/or are destroyed permanently. Less gas exchange-harder to get O2

Question 8

Pneumonia-Ventilation

Answer 8

Alveoli fill with fluid caused by bacteria or viruses causing chest pain, coughing, and fever

Question 9

Cystic Fibrosis-Ventilation

Answer 9

Genetic, imbalance of Na ions causes mucous buildup in lining of lungs, pancreas, and organs