Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Care II > Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Gas Exchange Flashcards

1
Q

What is CF?

A
  • inherited autosomal recessive disorder of exocrine glands due to genetic mutation
  • defected gene affects chloride-ion transport across the exocrine and epithelial cells resulting in thick, viscous mucus production
  • mucus accumulates, dilates, precipitates, coagulates to form concretions in glands and ducts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is CF tested for?

A
  • Sweat testing is the gold standard. If more than 60 millimoles per ml indicates high likelihood of CF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Respiratory Manifestations of CF

A
  • Stagnation of mucus and bacterial colonization results in destruction of lung tissue
  • bacteria colonized in lungs at all times, normal peeps have sterile lungs
  • tenancies secretions difficult to expectorate and obstruct the bronchi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CF Medications

A
  • Pulmozyme (Dornase Alfa)
  • Mucomyst (Acetylcysteine)
  • TOBI (Tobramycin inhalation solution
  • Oral antibiotics
  • Quinolones
  • IV antibiotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Pulmozyne (Dornase Alfa)?

A
  • 1st CF-specific drug approved
  • MOA: enzyme produced by recombinant gene technology selectively cleaves DNA, thus reducing mucous viscosity and improving airflow (super expensive 7k a month)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Mucomyst?

A
  • inhaled solution (bronchodilator before given) that helps thin and loosen mucus to make it easier to breath
  • side effects: bronchial irritation, increased inflammation mucus, bronchospasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is TOBI?

A
  • tobramycin inhalation solution
  • treat initial p aeuruginosa infections, acute infections and suppress chronic infections
  • benefits: improve lung function, reduce exacerbations, reduce hospitalizations, reduce need for IV antibiotics and improve QOL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Asthma risk factors

A

Low birth rate, family history of asthma or allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pneumonia

A

inflammation of lung parenchyma, 8th leading cause of infectious disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causes of pneumonia

A

Aspiration, inhalation, bacteria, fungi, viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pneumonia CF

A
  • cough - pleuritic chest pain
  • fever
  • shaking/chills
  • rhonchi/crackles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Complications of pneumonia

A
  • Pleuritis
  • pleural effusion
  • empyema (alveoli lose elasticity)
  • atelectasis (collapsing)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

meds for pneumonia

A

antibiotics therapy, immunizations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pneumonia nursing interventions

A
  • Increase oral fluid intake
  • incentive spirometry
  • endotracheal suctioning
  • oxygen therapy
  • chest physiotherapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lung Development in Premature Infants

A
  • Alveoli are rarely present and functional prior to 36 weeks
  • smaller respiratory lumen, immature capillaries, deficient surfactant results in poor ventilation and gas exchange
  • the best ventilators still rely on your body to be able to exchange gas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Surfactant

A
  • surface active phospholipids secreted by type II alveolar cells
  • purpose is to decrease alveolar surface tension to cause uniform expansion and inflation
  • decreased surfactant = inability to inflate and stay inflated = gradual collapse of the lung
17
Q

RDS Manifestations

A
  • tachypnea, expiratory grunting, retractions, nasal flaring, low body temp, seesaw breathing pattern, cyanosis (late sign)
  • respiratory distress can happen extremely fast, need to be vigilant with assessments
18
Q

RDS Management

A
  • surfactant administered via ET tube
  • should be given ASAP
  • do NOT suction for one hour
  • respiratory support with mechanical ventilation
19
Q

Why is an ecmo and why is it used?

A
  • in severe cases of RDS, pt may need total rest of pulmonary/cardiovascular system. baby cannulated to rest
20
Q

What is BPD?

A
  • Broncho-pulmonary dysplasia (chronic lung disease of prematurity)
  • BPD occurs in approx. 15%-40% of premature infants
  • characterized by inflammation and scarring in the lungs
  • oxygen dependence w abnormal respiratory symptoms after 28 days of life
  • becuz of having to be intubated, on oxygen, prolonged mechanical ventilation
21
Q

BPD Treatment

A
  • breathing support
  • bronchodilators help w treatment to maintain growth to improve alveoli
  • nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP)
22
Q

Bronchiolitis

A
  • considered the “reactive” portion of lower respiratory tract-includes bronchi and bronchioles
  • constriction of airways caused most likely by viruses
23
Q

Bronchiolitis s/s

A

Starts with: rhinorrhea, congestion, cough, low grade fever (common cold symptoms)
Progresses to: tachypnea, dyspnea, decreased appetite, poor suckling, decreased activity level, apnea
-Commonly seen at some point in illness: wheezing, crackles, retractions, nasal flaring hypoxia

24
Q

Bronchiolitis care management

A
  • Oxygen (nasal cannula, face mask, oxygen hood)
  • fluids and nutritional support
  • pharm interventions (no curative, supportive care
  • Prevention: Synagis (immunizations) provides passive immunity to those populations at risk
25
Q

COPD

A
  • airflow limitation not fully reversible
  • generally progressive
  • abnormal inflammatory response of lungs to noxious particles or gases (smoking, pollutants, dust, fumes)
  • drive to breathe is HYPOXEMIA
26
Q

COPD CM

A
  • Develops slowly diagnosis considered with cough and dyspnea
  • Causes chest breathing (use of accessory muscles)
  • May experience chest tightness w activity
  • Underweight, chronic fatigue
  • Pursed lip breathing (prolongs expiration and prevents bronchiolar collapse)
  • Barrel chest and decreased breath sounds
27
Q

COPD Exacerbations

A
  • Associated with poorer outcomes
  • Primary causes: bacterial and viral infections
  • Signs of severity: use of accessory muscles, central cyanosis, edema in lower extremities, altered alertness, right sided heart failure
28
Q

COPD Assessment test (CAT)

A

-helps to measure the daily impact of COPD on a persons life

29
Q

COPD Meds/Care

A

Short acting bronchodilators (Albuterol and Ipratropium (Duoneb)
Long acting anticholinergic (Tiotropium (Spiriva))
Inhaled corticosteroid therapy for severe cases
-humidification used to moisten mucosa (not if immunocompromised)

Care II (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions