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Care II > Adult Perfusion > Flashcards

Adult Perfusion Flashcards

1
Q

Venous Thrombus

A
  • DVT, blood clot deep in leg

- most commonly iliac/femoral veins, can cause a pulmonary embolism

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2
Q

CM DVT

A
  • pain
  • warm to touch
  • proximal coolness
  • unilateral lower extremity edema
  • erythema
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3
Q

DVT prophylaxis

A
  • early mobilization
  • Ted hose
  • Lovenox
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4
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

Blockage of pulmonary artery by a thrombus, most common cause is a DVT

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5
Q

CM PE

A
  • can be vague
  • dyspnea
  • cough
  • change in LOC
  • “impending doom”
  • chest pain
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6
Q

PE Management

A
  • Semi Fowlers position (15-45 bed raised)
  • IV access
  • oxygen, prepare to intubate!
  • lower molecular weight heparin
  • good IV access
  • pulmonary embolectomy
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7
Q

Coronary Artery Disease

A

Occurs when major blood vessels become damaged, usually caused by build up of plaque

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8
Q

Symptoms of CAD

A
  • typically asymptomatic
  • fatigue
  • lightheadedness
  • chest discomfort
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9
Q

CAD Interventions

A
  • lifestyle mods

- medications (statins, ASA)

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10
Q

Stable Angina

A

Chest pain w predicable onset and duration
Can progress to MI
Activity induced

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11
Q

Assessments Stable Angina

A 
P- position/provoking factors 
Q- quality (can u describe the pain) 
R-radiation 
S-severity/symptoms (rate pain) 
T- time (how long, onset slow or sudden)
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12
Q

Interventions Stable Angina

A 
A-aspirin and abtianginal therapy 
B- beta blockers and BP 
C- cigarettes and cholesterol 
D- diet and diabetes 
E- education and exercise
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13
Q

Acute Coronary Syndrome

A

stable angina progression to unstable angina (results from prolonged ischemia that is not immediately reversible)

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14
Q

CM Acute Coronary Syndrome

A
  • chest pain or discomfort that is not relieved by rest/nitro
  • pain may radiate to neck, jaw, arms
  • altered mental status
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15
Q

Acute Coronary Syndrome Interventions

A
  • Position pt upright

- Administer O2, obtain IV access, prepare for intubation, pain meds, ASA, thrombolytic therapy

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16
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Diseases of the heart muscle (myocardium) that causes the heart to become thick, rigid and enlarged
- 3 types: dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive

17
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

Heart that is weak and not contracting well. Blood cannot get out, systolic function is impaired but diastolic is okay, unable to squeeze effectively

18
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Thickening of the heart usually in the left ventricle. Thickening makes it difficult to pump effectively

19
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy symptoms

A 
children and adults: 
Shortness of breath and fatigue
Feeling dizzy or light-headed
Fainting or passing out (syncope)
Persistent cough
Feeling abnormal heart beats (palpitations)
Unexplained weight gain or swelling
infants: 
Difficulty feeding or poor growth
Excessive sweating with feeds or activity
Excessive fussiness
Fast breathing
20
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy symptoms

A

Shortness of breath and fatigue, feeling dizzy or lightheaded, fainting or passing out, chest pain

21
Q

Heart Failure

A
  • Develops in response to myocardial insult

- Results in the inability of the heart to meet the oxygen needs of tissues and organs

22
Q

Left-Sided HF

A
  • Most common
  • Results from left ventricular dysfunction causing blood to back up into the left atrium and pulmonary veins
  • increased pulmonary pressure causes fluid leakage and edema
23
Q

Pulmonary Hypertension

A

Abnormally high BP in arteries of lungs causes increased workload for right side of the heart and eventually leads to right sided heart failure

24
Q

Right Sided HF (Cor Pulmonale)

A
  • Right ventricular dysfunction
  • blood backs up into the right atrium and venous circulation
  • most commonly caused by left sided HF or pulmonary disease
25
Q

HF Interventions

A
  • daily weights
  • low sodium diet
  • mechanical circulatory support
  • promote activity tolerance

Care II (3 decks)

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