Gas Exchange Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe and explain the common adaptations of the gas exchange surfaces found in fish
and mammals. [3]

A

Highly folded + to increase surface area ( 1 mark )
Thin + to reduce diffusion distance / short diffusion pathway ( 1 mark )
Rich blood supply/extensive blood capillary network + to maintain diffusion/concentration gradient ( 1 mark )
Moist + gases to dissolve (1 mark)

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2
Q

Suggest why warm-blooded animals which have a constant body temperature, e.g. mammals, have a higher metabolic rate. [2]

A

Energy is needed to generate heat ( to maintain body temperature)
Provides optimum temperature for enzymes ( so reaction rate higher)

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3
Q

Suggest a role of the air sacs. [1]

A

To provide a resorvior of Oxygen when Spiracles are closed

OR aid in ventilation of the tracheal system

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4
Q

Explain the advantage to the insect of having a ventilation system. [1]

A

To maintain a steep concentration gradient

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5
Q

The chitin in the walls of the tracheae has a similar chemical bonding and function as cellulose in plant cell walls.
Explain how the chemical bonding in chitin enables
it to carry out this function in insects.

A

Beta-glucose form glycosidic bonds (1 mark)
{bonding / cross-linking} between {molecules/chains} / formation of microfibrils(1) Ignore hydrogen
{provides strength / is tough/ prevents collapsing} (of tracheae)(1)

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6
Q

Identify organelles X in the diagram on page 5 and explain why they are found close
to the tracheoles
Mitochondria= Organelle X

A

Formation of ATP synthesis / aerobic respiration (1)

Tracheole is the site of gas exchange (1)

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