Gas Exchange

Question 1

What is Respiration?

Answer 1

The act of inhaling and exhaling air to transport oxygen to alveoli

Question 2

What is ventilation?

Answer 2

Movement of air between the atmosphere and alveoli

Question 3

What has to occur for gas exchange?

Answer 3

1. O2 transports to alveoli
2. O2 diffuses into capillaries
3. Transport to cells through the blood and CO2 gets expelled

Question 4

Eupnea is?

Answer 4

Normal breathing

Question 5

Newborns RR

Answer 5

30-60

Question 6

Infants RR

Answer 6

20-40

Question 7

Preschoolers RR

Answer 7

20-30

Question 8

Older Adults RR

Answer 8

12-24

Question 9

Hypoxemia Labs

Answer 9

PaO2 and ABGs

Question 10

PaO2 (normal)

Answer 10

80-100 mm - O2 in Blood Serum

Question 11

PaO2 (mild hypoxemia)

Answer 11

60-80 mm

Question 12

PaO2 (moderate hypoxemia)

Answer 12

60-40 mm

Question 13

PaO2 - SEVERE

Answer 13

<40 mm

Question 14

Early signs of Hypoxemia?

Answer 14

Restlessness, anxiety, headache (CNS 1st), SOB, Tachycardia, coughing, wheezing, bluish color in skin

Question 15

Hypoxemia is defined as…

Answer 15

Below normal PaO2 - Patient will also experience hypoxia

Question 16

Hypoxia is defined as..

Answer 16

Reduction in O2 at the tissue level

Question 17

Hypercapnia

Answer 17

PaCO2 >60 - respiratory acidosis

Question 18

S/S of hypercapnia

Answer 18

LOC- stupor, depression of CNS, Vasodilation in brain too

Question 19

Dyspnea

Answer 19

SOB, labored

Question 20

Apnea

Answer 20

Absent of breath

Question 21

Orthopnea

Answer 21

difficult breathing in supine

Question 22

Kussmaul breathing

Answer 22

DKA- metabolic acidosis
Deep, Rapid, labored

Question 23

Cheyne-Strokes

Answer 23

CHF, ICP, Drug overdose
Fast, shallow to Slow, heavy

Question 24

Biot breathing

Answer 24

CNS
Equal depths and then apnea

Question 25

SpO2 normal

Answer 25

95-100% - pulse oximetry

Question 26

SaO2 normal

Answer 26

93-99% - O2 on hemoglobin

Question 27

SvO2 normal

Answer 27

60 -80% - Supply vs Demand

Question 28

SvO2 40 -60 ?

Answer 28

Low H&H, hypoxemia, Vent/Perfusion

Question 29

SvO2 <40?

Answer 29

Shock - severe lactic acid

Question 30

Nursing Interventions (w/ out order)

Answer 30

1. Positioning 2. Deep breathing 3. Suctioning 4. ADLs/ Activity 5. Encourage smoking cessation

Question 31

Anticholinergics

Answer 31

1. Relax smooth muscles of airway 2. Decreases mucus secretions

Question 32

Xanthines

Answer 32

1. small airway dilation Increase HR and renal blood flow

Question 33

Sedative agent

Answer 33

propofol (Diprivan)

Question 34

NMBA

Answer 34

Paralytic vecuronium / cisatracurium

Question 35

Nasal cannula low flow 1?

Answer 35

21-25

Question 36

Nasal cannula 2?

Answer 36

25-28

Question 37

Nasal cannula 3?

Answer 37

28-32

Question 38

Nasal cannula 4?

Answer 38

32-36

Question 39

Nasal cannula 5?

Answer 39

36-40

Question 40

Nasal Cannula 6?

Answer 40

40-44

Question 41

Simple/face mask 5-10

Answer 41

40-60%

Question 42

Venturi mask 4-15

Answer 42

25-60%

Question 43

Nonrebreather mask

Answer 43

10 l/m 80-95%

Question 44

Nasal cannula HIGH flow

Answer 44

1-40 (21-100%)

Question 45

Oxygen delivery used in severe hypoxemia ?

Answer 45

Nonrebreather mask

Question 46

Highest O2 delivery before intubation?

Answer 46

Nonrebreather mask

Question 47

2nd highest O2 to Nonbreather?

Answer 47

Nasal cannula high flow

Question 48

Oxygen delivery used in COPD patients

Answer 48

Venturi Mask - exact %

Question 49

Artifical airways ?

Answer 49

Endotracheal and Tracheostomy