Gas Exchange Flashcards
This is the process by which oxygen is transported to cells and carbon dioxide is transported from cells
gas exchange
what are the 3 causes of impaired gas exchange?
poor ventilation
reduced gas transportation (low hgb, rbc)
poor perfusion
what are lab test used to evaluate gas exchange?
ABG
CBC
Chest x-ray
do you want to stop or promote a productive cough?
promote
removes secretions
what age should you not give cough and cold products to and why?
less than 2 years
not as effective
This drug blocks the effects of histamine at the H-1 receptor sites
cetirizine
What are the side effects of Cetirizine?
anticholinergic effects (dry nose, mouth, and throat)
drowsiness
what are the precautions of Cetirizine?
impaired kidney or liver function
do not use if breast feeding
what are the nursing interventions for Cetirizine?
water
hard candy
avoid driving
drowsiness
this drug is a decongestant, that activates the alpha-1 receptors, causing vasoconstriction of blood vessels, opening nasal passages
phenylephrine
this drug is used to reduce nasal congestion
phenylephrine
the side effects of the drugs is that it is a CNS stimulant»_space; vasoconstriction»_space; HTN, tachycardia
phenylephrine
what is the med admin for phenylephrine
PRN
don’t use more than 3-5 days, to prevent rebound congestion
this drug is an antitussive, stops a nonproductive cough
dextromethorphan
the side effects of this medication are CNS depression, GI distress (N&V)
dextromethorphan
uncontrolled heart disease, HTN, dysrhythmias, and precautions for what drug?
phenylephrine
emphysema/asthma are precautions for what drug?
dextromethorphan
this drug may increase the analgesic effects of opioids
dextromethorphan
this drug is for short-term use only and increased fluid intake is encouraged
dextromethorphan
this drug is an expectorant by enhancing the output of respiratory tract fluids by reducing the adhesiveness & surface tension of fluids/secretions
guaifenesin
the complications of this drug are dizziness, drowsiness, GI upset
guaifenesin
this drug increases the risk of hemorrhage with heparin or warfarin
guaifenesin
When taking guaifenesin what is necessary?
increase fluid
take PRN
should you drive when taking guaifenesin and why?
no
causes dizziness
If a patient is having issues with gas exchange, perfusion and respiration, what is the priority ranking?
1st
what system is ventilation controlled by?
CNS
What cells secret mucous to entrap particles?
goblet cells
what are the 3 factors that contribute to asthma?
inflammation
constriction
mucous production
this type of asthma has no identifiable cause but can be associated with exercise and emotional stress
intrinsic asthma
this type of asthma is caused by an allergic allergic, allergic asthma
extrinsic asthma
what are triggers to asthma
allergen
inhaled irritants
cold, dry air
what are the clinical manifestations of asthma?
cough
accessory muscle use
hypoxemia
tachypnea
asthma symptoms that occur on and off, is classified as?
mild intermittent
asthma symptoms that occur a few times a week, is classified as?
mild persistent
asthma symptoms that occur daily, is classified as?
moderate persistent
asthma symptoms that occur continually throughout the day, is classified as?
severe persistent
what are some interventions for asthma?
humidified O2
VS
ABGs
this condition is when the lungs hyperinflate, air get traped into lungs, bronchioles, collapse, barrel chest look
COPD
what disease results in pulmonary hypertension and heart disease
COPD
this drug is a beta 2 adrenergic agonist, promotes bronchodilation
albuterol
this drug treat asthma exacerbation
albuterol
the side effects of this drug are tachycardia, heart palpitations?
albuterol
be caution when giving this drug to those with angina, HTN
albuterol
do not take this medication with beta-blocker (reduces effectiveness) and antidepressant (increase cardiac side effects)
albuterol
it is important to rinse mouth out when taking this drug because it may cause thrush
albuterol
caffeine should be avoided with the medication, and report tremors that interfere with ADLs
albuterol
this drug prevents the release of inflammation, decreasing edema of airways
prednisone
this drugs is only for short term post symptoms?
prednisone
this drug is an oral glucocorticoid
prednisone
this drug may cause hyperglycemia and osteoporosis, infections, PUD
prednisone
avoid taking NSAIDs with the drug, increases risk of GI bleeding
prednisone
this drug should not be stop abruptly, tapper off, short term use
prednisone
what are the nursing interventions for prednisone?
monitor blood sugar
signs of infection
take with food
when taking prednisone what should you increase intake of?
calcium and vitamin D
this drugs cause polyphagia (hunger), polydipsia (thirst), polyuria (urine)
prednisone
