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Pharmacology Final > Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Gas Exchange Flashcards

1
Q

This is the process by which oxygen is transported to cells and carbon dioxide is transported from cells

A

gas exchange

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2
Q

what are the 3 causes of impaired gas exchange?

A

poor ventilation
reduced gas transportation (low hgb, rbc)
poor perfusion

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3
Q

what are lab test used to evaluate gas exchange?

A

ABG
CBC
Chest x-ray

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4
Q

do you want to stop or promote a productive cough?

A

promote
removes secretions

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5
Q

what age should you not give cough and cold products to and why?

A

less than 2 years
not as effective

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6
Q

This drug blocks the effects of histamine at the H-1 receptor sites

A

cetirizine

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7
Q

What are the side effects of Cetirizine?

A

anticholinergic effects (dry nose, mouth, and throat)
drowsiness

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8
Q

what are the precautions of Cetirizine?

A

impaired kidney or liver function
do not use if breast feeding

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9
Q

what are the nursing interventions for Cetirizine?

A

water
hard candy
avoid driving
drowsiness

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10
Q

this drug is a decongestant, that activates the alpha-1 receptors, causing vasoconstriction of blood vessels, opening nasal passages

A

phenylephrine

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11
Q

this drug is used to reduce nasal congestion

A

phenylephrine

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12
Q

the side effects of the drugs is that it is a CNS stimulant&raquo_space; vasoconstriction&raquo_space; HTN, tachycardia

A

phenylephrine

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13
Q

what is the med admin for phenylephrine

A

PRN
don’t use more than 3-5 days, to prevent rebound congestion

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14
Q

this drug is an antitussive, stops a nonproductive cough

A

dextromethorphan

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15
Q

the side effects of this medication are CNS depression, GI distress (N&V)

A

dextromethorphan

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16
Q

uncontrolled heart disease, HTN, dysrhythmias, and precautions for what drug?

A

phenylephrine

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17
Q

emphysema/asthma are precautions for what drug?

A

dextromethorphan

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18
Q

this drug may increase the analgesic effects of opioids

A

dextromethorphan

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19
Q

this drug is for short-term use only and increased fluid intake is encouraged

A

dextromethorphan

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20
Q

this drug is an expectorant by enhancing the output of respiratory tract fluids by reducing the adhesiveness & surface tension of fluids/secretions

A

guaifenesin

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21
Q

the complications of this drug are dizziness, drowsiness, GI upset

A

guaifenesin

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22
Q

this drug increases the risk of hemorrhage with heparin or warfarin

A

guaifenesin

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23
Q

When taking guaifenesin what is necessary?

A

increase fluid
take PRN

24
Q

should you drive when taking guaifenesin and why?

A

no
causes dizziness

25
Q

If a patient is having issues with gas exchange, perfusion and respiration, what is the priority ranking?

A

1st

26
Q

what system is ventilation controlled by?

A

CNS

27
Q

What cells secret mucous to entrap particles?

A

goblet cells

28
Q

what are the 3 factors that contribute to asthma?

A

inflammation
constriction
mucous production

29
Q

this type of asthma has no identifiable cause but can be associated with exercise and emotional stress

A

intrinsic asthma

30
Q

this type of asthma is caused by an allergic allergic, allergic asthma

A

extrinsic asthma

31
Q

what are triggers to asthma

A

allergen
inhaled irritants
cold, dry air

32
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of asthma?

A

cough
accessory muscle use
hypoxemia
tachypnea

33
Q

asthma symptoms that occur on and off, is classified as?

A

mild intermittent

34
Q

asthma symptoms that occur a few times a week, is classified as?

A

mild persistent

35
Q

asthma symptoms that occur daily, is classified as?

A

moderate persistent

36
Q

asthma symptoms that occur continually throughout the day, is classified as?

A

severe persistent

37
Q

what are some interventions for asthma?

A

humidified O2
VS
ABGs

38
Q

this condition is when the lungs hyperinflate, air get traped into lungs, bronchioles, collapse, barrel chest look

A

COPD

39
Q

what disease results in pulmonary hypertension and heart disease

A

COPD

40
Q

this drug is a beta 2 adrenergic agonist, promotes bronchodilation

A

albuterol

41
Q

this drug treat asthma exacerbation

A

albuterol

42
Q

the side effects of this drug are tachycardia, heart palpitations?

A

albuterol

43
Q

be caution when giving this drug to those with angina, HTN

A

albuterol

44
Q

do not take this medication with beta-blocker (reduces effectiveness) and antidepressant (increase cardiac side effects)

A

albuterol

45
Q

it is important to rinse mouth out when taking this drug because it may cause thrush

A

albuterol

46
Q

caffeine should be avoided with the medication, and report tremors that interfere with ADLs

A

albuterol

47
Q

this drug prevents the release of inflammation, decreasing edema of airways

A

prednisone

48
Q

this drugs is only for short term post symptoms?

A

prednisone

49
Q

this drug is an oral glucocorticoid

A

prednisone

50
Q

this drug may cause hyperglycemia and osteoporosis, infections, PUD

A

prednisone

51
Q

avoid taking NSAIDs with the drug, increases risk of GI bleeding

A

prednisone

52
Q

this drug should not be stop abruptly, tapper off, short term use

A

prednisone

53
Q

what are the nursing interventions for prednisone?

A

monitor blood sugar
signs of infection
take with food

54
Q

when taking prednisone what should you increase intake of?

A

calcium and vitamin D

55
Q

this drugs cause polyphagia (hunger), polydipsia (thirst), polyuria (urine)

A

prednisone

Pharmacology Final (3 decks)

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