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Separation Process > Gas Absorption Equipment > Flashcards

Gas Absorption Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

A unit operation where a soluble vapor is absorbed from its mixture with an inert gas by means of a liquid in which the solute is more soluble.

A

Gas Absorption

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2
Q

This is also called scrubbing.

A

Gas Absorption

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3
Q

The components in the liquid are removed by contact with a gas.

A

Desorption

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4
Q

The reverse of absorption is termed as desorption, also known as __________.

A

Stripping

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5
Q

Gas Absorption Mechanism.

A
  1. Diffusion of the solute gas in the bulk gas mixture towards the gas-liquid interface due to the concentration gradient.
  2. Interaction of the solute gas to the liquid solvent as the gas-liquid interface due to gas-liquid solubility.
  3. Diffusion of the solute gas through the interface due to the concentration gradient thus permitting further solvation.
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6
Q

It is the interaction of the solute gas to the liquid solvent.

A

Solvation

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7
Q

True or False.
Distillation: Equimolar counter diffusion.
Absorption: Diffusion is unidirectional.

A

Both statements are True

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8
Q

True or False.
Distillation: The primary goal is to involve the separation of solutes from each other to any important extent.
Absorption: The primary goal is only solute recovery or solute removal.

A

Both statements are true.

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9
Q

True or False.
Distillation: Pure products are produced nearly 99.99%.
Absorption: Pure products are not obtained and requires further purification operations.

A

Both statements are True

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10
Q

True or False.
Distillation: Latent heats dominate the heat effect.
Absorption: Heat of solution dominates the heat effect.

A

Both statements are true.

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11
Q

True or False.
Distillation: A liquid mixture can be separated into individual components.
Absorption: A liquid is used to separate a gas mixture.

A

Both statements are true.

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12
Q

True or False.
Distillation: Stripping vapor is formed by the partial evaporation of the liquid.
Absorption: The liquid solvent is below its boiling point.

A

True

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13
Q

The ratio of maximum operating vapor rate to the minimum allowable vapor rate.

A

Turndown Ratio

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14
Q

Comparison of Trays in terms of Relative Cost.
Sieve, Bubble, and Valve trays.

A
  1. Sieve Trays are the most economical, require lower installation, and maintenance cost.
  2. Bubble Cap Trays are more expensive than Sieve due to their complex design and the need for more extensive maintenance.
  3. Valve trays are the costliest of the three trays, mainly because of their intricate design and the need for specialized installation and maintenance.
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15
Q

Comparison of Trays in terms of Efficiency.
Sieve, Bubble, and Valve Trays.

A
  1. Sieve Trays limitation can lead to a decrease in the interaction between gas and liquid.
  2. Valve Trays offers improved efficiency by featuring adjustable valves that respond to pressure changes.
  3. Bubble cap trays utilizes individual caps that allow gas to bubble through increasing the surface area available for absorption.
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16
Q

Comparison of Trays according to Pressure Drop.
Sieve, Bubble-cap, Valve trays.

A
  1. Sieve are highly efficient but drops due to fouling or high gas velocities.
  2. Valve Trays tends to experience higher pressure drops than sieve trays due to the resistance caused by movable valves.
  3. Bubble-cap trays excel in mass transfer efficiency and known to have the highest pressure drop because of complex flow patterns caused by the caps.
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17
Q

Comparison of Trays according to Turndown Ratio.
Sieve, Bubble-cap, Valve trays.

A
  1. Sieve trays offer a moderate turndown ratio suitable for steady gas flow rates.
  2. Valve trays are equipped with adjustable valves providing a superior turndown ratio for wide range of flow variations.
  3. Bubble Cap trays excel with the highest turn down ratio and often preferred choice for processes that involve challenging operating conditions.
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18
Q

Comparison of Trays according to Vapor Capacity.
Sieve, Bubble-cap, Valve trays.

A
  1. Sieve trays possess a large open area that enables efficient contact between the gas and liquid phase.
  2. Valve trays provide moderate vapor capacity as the valves regulate the flow of vapor.
  3. Bubble cap trays have good vapor-liquid contact, but have relatively lower vapor capacity caused by the caps which limits efficiency of mass transfer.
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19
Q

Widely utilized in the gas absorption process due to their efficiency in facilitating contact between the gas and liquid phases.

A

Packed Columns

20
Q

True or False.
The objective of any packing is to maximize efficiency for a given capacity, at an economic cost.

A

True

21
Q

It is the part of the packed column that holds the rest of the components.

A

Shell

22
Q

It is designed to provide sufficient air-liquid passage and to prevent the packing from migrating into the lower sections of the column.

A

Support Grid

23
Q

Grids or wire screens which also prevent packing particles from migrating.

A

Bed Limiters

24
Q

Designed to keep fixed bed packing from migrating or fluidizing out of the section.

A

Hold-down plates

25
Q

It prevents moisture droplets from leaving the tower alongside the gas stream.

A

Demister Pads

26
Q

This includes discrete pieces of packing that are randomly duped or poured into a packed column.

A

Random Packing

27
Q

These are crimped layers of corrugated and texture sheets or wire mesh.

A

Structured Packing

28
Q

It is uniformly arranged inside a column, designed for pressure drops between 0.20 and 0.60 inch of water per foot of packing medium.

A

Stacked Packing

29
Q

Materials that are good in chemical resistance against organic and inorganic except hot caustic and hydrofluoric acid.

A

Ceramic Materials

30
Q

The standard use for plastic material and has limited temperature less than 125 deg Celsius but not for condensed hydrocarbons.

A

Polypropylene

31
Q

Packing method that works best for durable materials, such as plastics and metals.

A

Dry Packing

32
Q

Packing method used for delicate media like ceramic or carbon.

A

Wet Packing Method

33
Q

The second generation tower packing, which is the most widely used type.

A

Pall Ring

34
Q

First generation tower packing that has simple structure and economical cost to be widely accepted and used in various fields.

A

Raschig Ring

35
Q

A highly efficient random packing in column towers that takes good advantages of annular rings and saddle rings.

A

Conjugate Ring

36
Q

It has an octagonal appearance with several horizontal ribs and vertical bars.

A

Q-Pack ring

37
Q

True or False.
The more surface area per volume of the packing, the higher the vapor-liquid contact.

A

True

38
Q

True or False.
Increasing the amount of void space as much as possible reduces the chances the media will slow down the upward movement of vapor through the system.

A

True

39
Q

A type of organized packing that involve arranging packing materials to direct liquid flow efficiently.

A

Structured Packing

40
Q

A type of industrial metal packing that consists of four to 12 strands of metal or polymer knitted together and folded for tower installation.

A

Knitted Wire Structured Packing

41
Q

Sheet metal usually employed in high-pressure absorption due to its strength and durability compared to knitted packing.

A

Corrugated Structured Packing

42
Q

It consists of multiple packing units with similar geometric designs, which are placed in parallel configurations.

A

Ceramic Structured Packing

43
Q

True or False.
The use structured packing in application that require high capacity and efficiency.

A

True

44
Q

The condition in which the packing surface is not wetted by the flowing fluid due to low liquid rates.

A

Channeling

45
Q

True or False.
The most important thing to consider when designing an absorption tower is to identify the solvent that will be used in the process.

A

True

46
Q

True or False.
Absorbent should have low vapor pressure to minimize absorbent loss in the exiting stream.

A

True

Separation Process (12 decks)

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