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Separation Process > Distillation Equipment > Flashcards

Distillation Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

A process used to separate liquids from non-volatile solids.

A

Distillation

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2
Q

It works by separating components of a mixture based on differences in their boiling points.

A

Distillation

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3
Q

It provides a contained environment where the distillation process can occur.

A

Vertical Shell, Column Shell or Column

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4
Q

It houses all the internal components necessary for distillation including trays or packing materials, feed inlet, reflux system, and outlets for collecting distillate and bottoms.

A

Vertical Shell, Column Shell or Column

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5
Q

It refers to the internal components within the vertical shell of the distillation column.

A

Internal Column, Distillation Column Internals, Internals

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6
Q

A device used to remove liquid droplets from vapor streams in a distillation column.

A

Mist Eliminator

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7
Q

Evenly distributes liquid feed across the cross-section of the column’s packing or trays.

A

Liquid Distributor

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8
Q

Structured or random materials placed inside a column to create surface area for vapor-liquid contact.

A

Packing or Trays

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9
Q

It provides structural support for the packing material in packed columns, ensuring proper distribution and alignment.

A

Support grids

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10
Q

Specialized trays used in distillation columns, designed to provide efficient liquid distribution and vapor-liquid contact.

A

QVF Core Trays

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11
Q

Components used in tray columns to facilitate the distribution and collection of liquid across the tray surface.

A

Wall Wiper, Funnel

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12
Q

They help prevent liquid accumulation along the column walls and direct liquid flow to downcomers for further processing.

A

Wall Wipers, Funnel

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13
Q

Devices located at the bottoms of trays or packing beds used to gather liquid and redistribute it evenly across the column.

A

Collectors

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14
Q

Similar devices placed above trays to ensure uniform distribution of liquid flow.

A

Redistributors

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15
Q

Refers to a type of packing material with a specific geometric structure designed to enhance vapor-liquid contact and separation efficiency in packed columns.

A

Structured Packing

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16
Q

Refers to the introduction of steam into the column for various purposes, such as heating the feed, controlling column temperature, or enhancing separation efficiency through steam distillation.

A

Steam Intake

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17
Q

A device used to prevent the formation of swirling vortexes or uneven liquid flow patterns in trays or packed beds.

A

Vortex Breaker

18
Q

A component that provides heat to the bottom of industrial distillation column.

A

Reboiler

19
Q

It works by cooling the vapor of the components into liquid form for collection.

A

Condenser

20
Q

The condensed liquid is collected in the reflux drum which is then circulated back into the column.

A

Reflux

21
Q

The top product is the condensed liquid product.

A

Distillate

22
Q

Metal plates with a bunch of holes cut in them, like a sieve.

A

Sieve Trays, Perforated Plates

23
Q

Other term for Sieve trays.

A

Perforated Plates

24
Q

If the vapor velocity is much lower than the design, liquid will begin to flow through the perforations rather than into the downcomer.

A

Weeping

25
Q

A flat perforated plate with each perforation fitted with a movable disk referred to as the “valve”.

A

Valve Trays

26
Q

Well-suited for fractionating columns with a wide and fluctuating flow range.

A

Movable valve trays

27
Q

It prevent weeping in such a way that tray valves or caps close off at low vapor pressure, thus stopping the liquid from moving down to the base of the column.

A

Movable Valve trays

28
Q

They are often utilized when turndown requirements are moderate and there is a fouling concern.

A

Fixed Valve Trays

29
Q

In crude oil distillation towers, they are frequently used to separate crude oil into its several fractions, including heavy fuel oil, kerosene, diesel and gasoline.

A

Fixed valve trays

30
Q

A flat plate with several holes or perforations in it surrounded by risers.

A

Bubble-cap tray

31
Q

These have holes or slots through which vapor comes out.

A

Caps

32
Q

Materials specifically designed to accommodate the required specifications of the distillation column.

A

Structured Packing

33
Q

It consists of corrugated metal plates, allowing fluids to run coinciding and cris-crossed paths through the column and thus, create a large surface area for liquid-vapor interaction

A

Structured Packing

34
Q

True or False.
1. Trays are typically favored over packings due to their easier control over contract time, simpler maintenance, greater capacity for liquid loads, and convenient scalability.
2. Packings offer enhanced separation efficiency, resistance to corrosion, better management of foaming systems, and greater cost-effectiveness.

A

Both statements are true.

35
Q

The expansion of liquid when vapor passes through it.

A

Foaming

36
Q

It refers to the liquid carried by vapor up to the tray above, which is caused by high vapor flow rates.

A

Liquid Entrainment

37
Q

This happens when there is an excessive amount of liquid carried up by the column by the high vapor flow, overflowing the trays and down the column.

A

Flooding

38
Q

True or False.
The efficiency of mass transfer between the phases can be increased by entrained liquid droplets interfering with the contact between the liquid and vapor on the trays.

A

False. The efficiency DECREASES.

39
Q

A device designed to facilitate the merging of smaller liquid droplets into larger ones, making it easier for them to separate from the vapor phase.

A

Coalescer

40
Q

This method involves allowing more time for the liquid droplets to go back into the liquid phase.

A

Increase settling time inside the column.

41
Q

It refers to a condition where the liquid flow rate in distillation column exceeds the capacity of the trays to handle it efficiently.

A

Flooding

42
Q

Enumerations.
Main Parts of a Distillation Tower.

A
  1. Vertical Shell
  2. Internal Column
  3. Reboiler
  4. Condenser

Separation Process (12 decks)

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