Distillation Equipment

Question 1

A process used to separate liquids from non-volatile solids.

Answer 1

Distillation

Question 2

It works by separating components of a mixture based on differences in their boiling points.

Answer 2

Distillation

Question 3

It provides a contained environment where the distillation process can occur.

Answer 3

Vertical Shell, Column Shell or Column

Question 4

It houses all the internal components necessary for distillation including trays or packing materials, feed inlet, reflux system, and outlets for collecting distillate and bottoms.

Answer 4

Vertical Shell, Column Shell or Column

Question 5

It refers to the internal components within the vertical shell of the distillation column.

Answer 5

Internal Column, Distillation Column Internals, Internals

Question 6

A device used to remove liquid droplets from vapor streams in a distillation column.

Answer 6

Mist Eliminator

Question 7

Evenly distributes liquid feed across the cross-section of the column’s packing or trays.

Answer 7

Liquid Distributor

Question 8

Structured or random materials placed inside a column to create surface area for vapor-liquid contact.

Answer 8

Packing or Trays

Question 9

It provides structural support for the packing material in packed columns, ensuring proper distribution and alignment.

Answer 9

Support grids

Question 10

Specialized trays used in distillation columns, designed to provide efficient liquid distribution and vapor-liquid contact.

Answer 10

QVF Core Trays

Question 11

Components used in tray columns to facilitate the distribution and collection of liquid across the tray surface.

Answer 11

Wall Wiper, Funnel

Question 12

They help prevent liquid accumulation along the column walls and direct liquid flow to downcomers for further processing.

Answer 12

Wall Wipers, Funnel

Question 13

Devices located at the bottoms of trays or packing beds used to gather liquid and redistribute it evenly across the column.

Answer 13

Collectors

Question 14

Similar devices placed above trays to ensure uniform distribution of liquid flow.

Answer 14

Redistributors

Question 15

Refers to a type of packing material with a specific geometric structure designed to enhance vapor-liquid contact and separation efficiency in packed columns.

Answer 15

Structured Packing

Question 16

Refers to the introduction of steam into the column for various purposes, such as heating the feed, controlling column temperature, or enhancing separation efficiency through steam distillation.

Answer 16

Steam Intake

Question 17

A device used to prevent the formation of swirling vortexes or uneven liquid flow patterns in trays or packed beds.

Answer 17

Vortex Breaker

Question 18

A component that provides heat to the bottom of industrial distillation column.

Answer 18

Reboiler

Question 19

It works by cooling the vapor of the components into liquid form for collection.

Answer 19

Condenser

Question 20

The condensed liquid is collected in the reflux drum which is then circulated back into the column.

Answer 20

Reflux

Question 21

The top product is the condensed liquid product.

Answer 21

Distillate

Question 22

Metal plates with a bunch of holes cut in them, like a sieve.

Answer 22

Sieve Trays, Perforated Plates

Question 23

Other term for Sieve trays.

Answer 23

Perforated Plates

Question 24

If the vapor velocity is much lower than the design, liquid will begin to flow through the perforations rather than into the downcomer.

Answer 24

Weeping

Question 25

A flat perforated plate with each perforation fitted with a movable disk referred to as the “valve”.

Answer 25

Valve Trays

Question 26

Well-suited for fractionating columns with a wide and fluctuating flow range.

Answer 26

Movable valve trays

Question 27

It prevent weeping in such a way that tray valves or caps close off at low vapor pressure, thus stopping the liquid from moving down to the base of the column.

Answer 27

Movable Valve trays

Question 28

They are often utilized when turndown requirements are moderate and there is a fouling concern.

Answer 28

Fixed Valve Trays

Question 29

In crude oil distillation towers, they are frequently used to separate crude oil into its several fractions, including heavy fuel oil, kerosene, diesel and gasoline.

Answer 29

Fixed valve trays

Question 30

A flat plate with several holes or perforations in it surrounded by risers.

Answer 30

Bubble-cap tray

Question 31

These have holes or slots through which vapor comes out.

Answer 31

Caps

Question 32

Materials specifically designed to accommodate the required specifications of the distillation column.

Answer 32

Structured Packing

Question 33

It consists of corrugated metal plates, allowing fluids to run coinciding and cris-crossed paths through the column and thus, create a large surface area for liquid-vapor interaction

Answer 33

Structured Packing

Question 34

True or False. 1. Trays are typically favored over packings due to their easier control over contract time, simpler maintenance, greater capacity for liquid loads, and convenient scalability. 2. Packings offer enhanced separation efficiency, resistance to corrosion, better management of foaming systems, and greater cost-effectiveness.

Answer 34

Both statements are true.

Question 35

The expansion of liquid when vapor passes through it.

Answer 35

Foaming

Question 36

It refers to the liquid carried by vapor up to the tray above, which is caused by high vapor flow rates.

Answer 36

Liquid Entrainment

Question 37

This happens when there is an excessive amount of liquid carried up by the column by the high vapor flow, overflowing the trays and down the column.

Answer 37

Flooding

Question 38

True or False. The efficiency of mass transfer between the phases can be increased by entrained liquid droplets interfering with the contact between the liquid and vapor on the trays.

Answer 38

False. The efficiency DECREASES.

Question 39

A device designed to facilitate the merging of smaller liquid droplets into larger ones, making it easier for them to separate from the vapor phase.

Answer 39

Coalescer

Question 40

This method involves allowing more time for the liquid droplets to go back into the liquid phase.

Answer 40

Increase settling time inside the column.

Question 41

It refers to a condition where the liquid flow rate in distillation column exceeds the capacity of the trays to handle it efficiently.

Answer 41

Flooding

Question 42

Enumerations. Main Parts of a Distillation Tower.

Answer 42

1. Vertical Shell 2. Internal Column 3. Reboiler 4. Condenser