Garibaldi- Positive Or Negative Effect

Question 1

Judgement

Answer 1

Positive for geographical unity as took over south and gave it to Piedmont

However foreign intervention was necessary for full unification. Some of garibaldis actions threatened diplomacy and caused social divides

Question 2

How did Garibaldi join cause

Answer 2

Met Mazzini in 1831 and joined young Italy

Question 3

When did he distance from Mazzini?

Answer 3

1854- many failures, republic wouldn’t work

Question 4

Where did he learn military skills?

Answer 4

In South America as a guerilla fighter

Question 5

What did people think of him?

Answer 5

On returning to italy in 1848, he had established a near religious adoration from others

Question 6

What problems did his takeover of south create?(6)

Answer 6

Great powers were upset
Papacy didn’t want unification
Had popularity and power to take over if he chose
Austrian army had grown in Venetia
Exploited divisions in south for support
North didn’t want unification with poorer south

Question 7

What promises had he made to south?

Answer 7

Land reforms

Improved living standards

Question 8

Why were Piedmont forced to oppose a national hero?

Answer 8

Had too much power after taking south

News leaked out of him planning armed uprisings in Venetia

Question 9

Main problem with him taking over south

Answer 9

FORCED UNIFICATION TOO QUICKLY

Question 10

Where and when did he attempt to engineer armed uprisings?

Answer 10

Venetia

1862 and 1864

Question 11

Where were supporters arrested? (After attempting uprising in Venetia)

Answer 11

May 1862

Group of supporters led by Nullo arrested near Italian border

Question 12

1862 attempt to seize Rome

When, how many, how did it end?

Answer 12

By aug force of 4000 crossed straits of Messina
Stopped by regular Italian army at Aspromonte 29th August
Garibaldi shot in foot and pardoned

Question 13

1867 attempt to seize Rome

Answer 13

October
Joined with Volunteers in Papal States
Citizens stayed loyal to papacy and French sent troops back (remaining until 1870)- had left in December 1866 as agreed by September convention

Question 14

Negative contributions summary

Answer 14

Civil war almost immediately in south although had begun before unification
Later Sicilian revolution against new Italian state
Divided loyalties between himself and state
Threatened diplomacy

Question 15

Defence of Roman republic

Answer 15

April 1849

Defended against 20 000 French troops for 2 months

Question 16

When was Franco Austrian war? And it’s other name

Answer 16

Second war of Italian independence

1859

Question 17

What did he do in Franco Austrian war?

Answer 17

Led cacciatori delle Alpi- 3000 strong highly effective volunteer army
Minor victory at Como

Question 18

Sicily May 1860 - stage 1

Answer 18

Gathered The Thousand (1200) arriving in Marsala on 11th may

Question 19

Sicily -stage 2

Answer 19

Thousand (now 3000) arrived in Palermo and defeated 20000 Bourbons

Question 20

What position did Garibaldi have after taking Sicily?

Answer 20

Appointed himself as dictator

Question 21

What straits were crossed to get to Naples and when?

Answer 21

Straits of Calabria

22nd August

Question 22

How long did Garibaldi rule Naples?

Answer 22

2 months

Question 23

When and who with did Garibaldi meet on way to Papal States?

Answer 23

Piedmontese army
26th October

Agreed to hand over south

Question 24

When was third war of Italian independence?

Answer 24

1866

Question 25

Where and when did Garibaldi defeat Austrians? (3rd war)

Answer 25

July

Bezzecca

Question 26

Result of 3rd war

Answer 26

Venetia ceded to Italy via Napoleon

Question 27

What did 1862 and 1867 attempts show?

Answer 27

Nationalist spirit

Would not give up

Question 28

Positive contributions summary

Answer 28

Successfully invaded Sicily
Militarily and symbolically important as signified Italy for the world
Significant capacity for political mobilisation e.v journalists, volunteers, fundraising