Gap Deck - Paed Flashcards
Typical presentation of Kawasaki disease?
high-grade fever which lasts for > 5 days. Fever is characteristically resistant to antipyretics
conjunctival injection
bright red, cracked lips
strawberry tongue
cervical lymphadenopathy
red palms of the hands and the soles of the feet which later peel
Strawberry tongue is a feature of either?
Kawasaki disease or Scarlet Fever
hypochloraemic, hypokalaemic alkalosis is a typical presentation of what condition?
Pyloric Stenosis
What is Hirschsprung’s Disease?
Congenital condition - nerve plexuses in colon don’t develop - no peristalsis = chronic constipation and distension of colon
What is Turners Syndrome
Chromosomal disorder affecting FEMALEs in which one X chr is absent or partially absent
Which cardiac abnormalities commonly assoc with Turner’s syndrome
bicuspid valve + aortic coarctation
What is Roseola Infantum and how does it commonly present
Common infancy disease (6months-2yrs), caused by Human Herpes Virus 6
High fever lasting few days → followed by maculopapular rash
Diarrhoea + cough commonly seen
Tx for patent ductus arteriosus?
Indomethacin (or ibuprofen) - this will inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and, in the majority of cases, close the PDA.
Tx for bronchiolitis?
Mainly supportive - admit to provide supportive tx like supplemental O2 if <92% sats or nasogastric feeding
Most common cause of Hand, foot & mouth disease?
Caused by intestinal viruses - often coxsackie A16 & enterovirus 71
Ebstein’s Anomaly is what?
Congenital heart defect characterised by low insertion of the tricuspid valve resulting in a large atrium and small ventricle.
Definitive diagnostic test for Hirschsprung’s disease?
Rectal biopsy - full thickness
Scarlet fever is usually caused by which species?
erythrogenic toxins produced by Group A haemolytic streptococci (usually Streptococcus pyogenes).
Typical presentation of scarlet fever?
Fever typically lasting 24-48hrs Malaise, headache, N/V Sore throat Strawberry tongue Rash - ROUGH SANDPAPER texture, pinhead erythema generally first on torso and spares palms & soles
Diagnosis of scarlet fever is done by
throat swab taken but abx tx commenced immediately without seeing results
Management of scarlet fever
Oral penicillin V (10days)
Azithromycin if pencillin allergy
Can return to school 24hrs after commencing abx
Complications of scarlet fever?
Otitis media (MOST COMMON)
- Rhematic fever - 20days after infection
- Acute glomerulonephritis - 10 days after infection
- Invasive complications are rare but present acutely with life-threatening illness (bacteraemia, meningitis. nectrotising fasciitis)
Number 1 cause for painless massive GI rectal bleeding needing transfusion in children btwn 1-2yrs old
Meckel’s diverticulum
Most common congenital anomaly of GIT
Meckel’s diverticulum
Rule of 2’s for Meckel’s diverticulum
2 inches long 2 year old 2x more likely in males 2 types of ectopic tissue: gastric + pancreatic 2% population 2ft from ileocaecal valve
Major risk factor for SIDS
prone sleeping parental smoking bed sharing hyperthermia and head covering prematurity
