ganglion cyst Flashcards
where do ganglion cysts usually occur?
Ganglion cysts are thought to occur when the synovial membrane of the tendon sheath or joint herniates, forming a pouch.
Synovial fluid flows from the tendon sheath or joint into the pouch, forming a cyst (a fluid-filled sac).
how will ganglionic cysts present?
Range in size from 0.5 to 5cm or more (most are 2cm or less)
Firm and non-tender on palpation
Well-circumscribed
Transilluminates (shining a torch into the cyst causes the whole lump to light up)
how are ganglionic cysts diagnosed and which imaging tests would you do?
Ganglion cysts are mostly diagnosed clinically, based on the history and examination findings.
X-rays will show normal bones and joints (unless there are co-existing conditions).
Ultrasound can help confirm the diagnosis and exclude other causes of lumps.
what are the management options for ganglionic cysts?
Ganglion cysts may be managed conservatively, without any intervention. 40-50% of cysts will resolve spontaneously, but this can take several years.
Active management options for ganglion cysts are:
Needle aspiration (draining the cyst by aspirating the fluid with a needle) Surgical excision (open or endoscopic removing the cyst, usually under local anaesthetic)
what is the prognosis after needle aspiration of a ganglionic cyst?
Needle aspiration has a high rate of recurrence (50% or more).
what are the complications associated with surgical excision of ganglionic cyst?
Surgical excision involves removing the entire cyst and the affected part of the joint capsule or tendon sheath. Therefore, the recurrence rate is low. However, there is a risk of complications, such as infection and scarring.
