Ganglion cells and Optic Nerve Fibers Flashcards
How many ganglion cells are present in the retina?
1.6 million ganglion cells.
How many total rods and cones are there?
100 millions rods and 3 million cones.
How many rods and cones per ganglion cell and an optic fiber?
60 rods and 2 cones.
What are the 5 types of retinal ganglion cells?
1) Parvocellular
2) Magnocellular
3) Koniocellular
4) W. ganglion
5) Photosensitive ganglion
What is the parvocellular ganglion cell known as?
P,A,X, or Midget cells
What are magnocellular ganglion cells called?
M or B or Y or parasol cells.
What are Koniocellular ganglion cells called?
K or Interlaminar or bistratified cells.
What are W ganglion cells called?
Simply W cells
What are photosensitive ganglion cells called?
Giant retinal ganglion cells.
What do photosensitive ganglion cells contain?
melanopsin
An equal stimulation of the same ganglion by red, green, blue cones results in what?
signal for white color.
What is melanopsin?
Containing retinal ganglion cells are also called photosensitive retinal ganglion cells.
What does ipRGCs mean?
intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells.
What is pRGC?
Photosensitive retinal ganglion cells
Melanopsin is a photochemical that contains what?
The protein opsin and retinal similar to photopsin and scotopsin.
Melanopsin containing ganglion cells can function without what?
rods and cones and it is present only in a limited number of ganglion cells.
What are called giant retinal ganglion cells?
The melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells.
What responds directly to light?
Melanopsin containing ganglion cells.
What regulates circadian rhythms?
Melanopsin containing ganglion cells.
What regulates the pupillary light reflex?
Melanopsin containing ganglion cells.
What occurs when melanopsin containing ganglion cells receive input from rods and cones?
they can encode for color and spatial information.
How does melanopsin containing ganglion cells regulate pupillary reflex?
they transmit information through the optic nerve to olivary pretectal nucleus.
Signals from the melanopsin containing ganglion cells will do what?
bypass the lateral geniculate nuclear to the pretectal nucleus.
What is carried by the preganglionic parasympathetic nerves in the oculomotor nerves?
melanopsin containing ganglion cell signal transmitted from the pretectal nucleus to Edinger-Westphal nucleus.
