Functional Anatomy of the Eye Flashcards
What are the main structures of the mammalian eye?
Cornea, iris, lens, cilliary body, retina, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor.
What does the wall of the eye consist of?
Sclera choroid and retina.
The eye ball contains two segments which are?
The anterior and posterior segment.
The anterior segment contains two chambers which are referred as what?
The anterior and posterior chambers.
Does the posterior segment has chambers?
No it doesn’t.
Which segment is filled with aqueous humor?
The anterior segment.
Which segment is filled with vitreous humor?
The posterior segment.
The posterior segment is filled with what type of fluid?
Vitreous humor.
The anterior segment is filled with what time of fluid?
Aqueous humor.
Describe the location of the anterior chamber:
- bordered by posterior surface of the cornea
- the anterior aspect of the iris.
Where is the posterior chamber of the anterior segment located?
enclosed between the iris and the anterior surface of the vitreous humor.
What prevents the mixing of the aqueous and vitreous humors in a healthy eye?
The lens and its suspensory ligaments.
What is the Zonule of Zinn?
suspensory ligaments or zonule fibers.
What does the Zonule connect?
the lens to the ciliary body.
What connects the lens to the ciliary body?
The Zonule of Zinn
What comprises the ciliary muscles?
Radial and circular muscles.
What forms the ciliary body?
The ciliary muscles and ciliary processes.
What are the ciliary processes?
foldings of the choroid posterior to the iris in the anterior segment of the eye.
The foldings of the choroid posterior to the iris is what?
The ciliary processes.
Where are the ciliary processes located?
in the anterior segment of the eye.
What projects from the ciliary body into spaces between the spaces of the Zonule of Zinn?
The ciliary processes.
Covered by high secretory pigments and non-pigmented epithelia is what?
The ciliary processes.
What enables the formation of aqueous humor?
where the ciliary processes lie there is a epithelia under it with a dense network of blood capillaries.
What plays a major role in the removal of fluid from the anterior segment?
The schlemm canal.
What is the Schlemm canal’s major role?
removing fluid from the anterior segment.
What is the function of the trabecular network?
It covers the entrance of the Schlemm canal.
What is the Schlemm canal covered with?
fibrous network called the trabecular network.
What three pairs of extra ocular striated muscles control the movement of the eyeball?
medial and lateral recti muscles
superior and inferior recti muscles
superior ad inferior oblique muscles
What motion does the medial and lateral recti muscles move the eye ball?
side to side.
What motion does the superior and inferior recti muscles move the eye ball?
up and down.
What motion does the superior and inferior oblique muscles move the eyeball?
Rotate the eye ball in socket.
The extra ocular muscles of the eye ball are needed for the sole purpose of what?
rotate the eye ball to balance sideway tilting effects of the head.
What are the three nerves that control the striated muscles of the eye ball?
Oculomotor nerve,
trochlear nerve,
and abducent nerve.
What number cranial nerve is the oculomotor nerve?
Cranial nerve 3
What number cranial nerve is the trochlear nerve?
Cranial nerve 4
What number cranial nerve is the abducent nerve?
Cranial nerve 6
What are the two automatic nerves that control accommodation and pupillary reflex?
Parasympathetic and Sympathetic nerves.
The parasympathetic nerve consists of 2 main fibers known as what?
Preganglionic and Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers.
What runs through the Edinger Westphal nucleus?
The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.
What nerve does the preganglionic parasympathetic fiber run through and synapses at?
Oculomotor nerve and synapses in the cilary ganglion.
What does the postganglionic fiber run through?
in the ciliary nerve to the eyeball.
What do the parasympathetic fibers innervate?
The ciliary muscles which control the shape of the lens and the sphincter muscles of the iris.
Wha does the sphincter muscles of the iris control?
Controls the pupil size.
What do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers from first thoracic segment of the spinal cord run through?
sympathetic chain and synapse in the superior cervical ganglion.
What do posganglionic fibers run along?
Carotid plexus to eye ball.
