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Embryology > Gametogenesis > Flashcards

Gametogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

Zygote

A

Is a product of the fusion of the sperm and the oocyte

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2
Q

Germ cells

A

Are cells that contain N or 23 chromosomes(haploid cell)

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3
Q

Why are germ cells haploid?

A

So as to ensure the diploid number remains same

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4
Q

Human development begins with fertilization. (True or False)

A

True

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5
Q

Mention the principals of mitosis

A
  1. It always forms 2 daughter cells
  2. The number of genetic material is equal in both the daughter cells and the parent cell
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6
Q

Meiosis

A

Forms 4 haploid daughter cells

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7
Q

Gamets are derived from

A

Primodial germ cells

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8
Q

Primodial germ cells that form in the…1……. During week…2…move through the….3….. During….4…. And migrate to the…5… of the yolk sac

A
  1. Epiblast
  2. 2
  3. Primitive streak
  4. Gastrulation
  5. Grate wall
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9
Q

During which week of embryonic development do the PGCs migrate from the yolk sac to the developing gonads.

A

Week 4

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10
Q

The migration of PGCs from the yolk sac to the developing gonads is completed by week

A

Week 5

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11
Q

PGCs increase in number by

A

Mitosis

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12
Q

Which of the following statements is false concerning gametes and primodial germ cells?
A. In readiness for fertilization germ cells undergo gametogenesis to reduce the number of chromosomes and cytodifferentiate to complete their maturation.
B. Meiosis forms germ cells
C. It is believed that Primodial germ cells are involved in the formation of teratomas such as oropharyngeal teraroma
D. Mitosis takes place during spermiogenesis

A

D. Mitosis takes place during spermiogenesis

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13
Q

Which of the following statements is false?
A. Human traits are inherited from parents
B. Meiosis is the formation of 2 daughter cells from a single parent cell.
C. Somatic cells have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes
D. Genes on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together are called linked genes

A

B. Meiosis is the formation of 2 daughter cells from a single parent cell

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14
Q

Centromere

A

Is an attachment between the long and short head of a centrisome.

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15
Q

Chromatids

A

Are subunits of centrosomes that contain 2 parallel subunits

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16
Q

Microtubules

A

Are cell organelles that are responsible for the movement of polar ends of the cell

17
Q

Mitosis

A

Produces genetically identical products

18
Q

Mention the stages of mitosis

A

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

19
Q

Meiosis

A

Formation of 4 haploid cells

20
Q

Which of the following statements is false concerning meiosis?
A. It is a two step process containing meiosis I and meiosis II
B. Meiosis I is the production of 2 haploid cells
C. Meiosis II focuses on the division of the haploid daughter cells of meiosis I
D. Meiosis produces genetically identical daughter cells

A

D. Meiosis produces genetically identical daughter cells

21
Q

Crossing over

A

Is the interchange of chromatid segments between paired homologous chromosomes.

22
Q

There are approximately……. Crossovers with each meiotic division

A

30-40

23
Q

Meiosis

A

Leads to genetic variation and haploid chromosome

24
Q

Polar body

A

Results of oogenesis and have little to no cytoplasm.

25
Q

List 10 birth defects related to chromosomal disorders.

A
  1. Downs syndrome
  2. Trisomy 18
  3. Trisomy 13
  4. Klinefelter syndrome
  5. Turner syndrome
  6. Triple X syndrome
  7. Cri-du-chat syndrome
  8. Angelman syndrome
  9. Patre-willi syndrome
  10. Microdeletion syndrome
26
Q

Mention 3 diagnostic techniques to identify birth defects.

A

FISH
Microarray
Exome sequencing

Embryology (6 decks)

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