Game PM Inspection Flashcards
Differences of wild game compared to other farmed species.
No prior vet tx.
Those who consume game meat have different expectation in what constitutes fit to eat.
- e.g. FBs are acceptable.
AM not by vet but trained hunter.
Gralloching and ABP disposal.
Game larder does not have to be chilled.
You may not see the offal.
Pathogenic conditions in wild game are category 1, not category 2.
Definition of wild game.
Wild land mammals killed by hunting.
Wild birds intended for human consumption..
Includes:
- large wild game = deer spp., wild boar.
- small wild game = rabbits, hares.
- wild game birds = pheasants, partridge, grouse, pigeon, duck.
- park game = wild mammals living within an enclosed area under conditions of freedom similar to those enjoyed by wild game.
– about intended use:
–> if there and meat is by-product, they are wild.
–> if they are bred for meat, they are farmed.
Excludes:
- farmed game.
- farmed game birds.
Hunters definition of wild game meat.
Killed by hunting (by legal means in the allocated season).
Mammals or birds are from a disease free area (not subject to Animal Health Restrictions).
Meat must be prepared and handled in a hygienic manner
What are wild deer open seasons and bird shooting seasons based on?
Whether they are likely to be pregnant or nursing young.
- cannot be hunted in these seasons.
How does wild game make so much money?
People pay money to shoot the animals.
The meat is not worth very much (it is a by-product).
Wild game meat legislation.
Food hygiene, TB regulations etc.
Difficult to enforce.
Wild deer processing chain.
AM inspection by trained hunter.
- if not trained, must communicate any abnormal behaviour observed to trained hunter and carcass must be presented to trained hunter.
Shoot (license not required).
Gralloch = removal of green offal.
Transport to Game Larder
- storage (local authority).
Transport to Game Handling Establishment
- processing and inspection (FSA).
Retailer/consumer.
- What must happen when a trained person has inspected the body and viscera?
- Do the body and head need to accompany one another during inspection? - exception?
- Must attach a numbered declaration to the animal’s body.
- contains location of kill, spp., sex, weight, signature to declare no abnormal behaviour observed and have inspected head and pluck. - No - except in spp. susceptible to Trichinosis (e.g. wild boar). In this case, the head (except tusks) and diaphragm must accompany the body).
In what circumstances shall the OV declare fresh meat unfit for human consumption?
If it derives from animals that have not undergone AM inspection, EXCEPT FOR WILD GAME AND STRAY REINDEER.
If it derives from animals whose offal has not undergone PM inspection EXCEPT IN CASE OF VISCERA OF LARGE WILD GAME THAT DO NOT NEED TO ACCOMPANY THE BODY TO A GAME-HANDLING ESTABLISHMENT.
How is offal disposed of?
In the field.
- RECOMMENDED that gralloch should be:
– covered w/ soil, rocks or wood to prevent access by scavengers.
– at least 250m from any well, spring or borehole used as source of drinking water.
– at least 30m from any other spring or watercourse and at least 10m from any drain.
What is a game larder?
Any premises where killed wild game is kept prior to dispatch to the Game Handling Establishment.
Provides temporary storage under hygienic, vermin and fly-proof conditions and allow initial cooling.
All game larders are classified as food business premises and must be registered w/ the relevant competent authority (Local Authority).
Game Handling Establishments.
Must be approved by the Competent Authority (FSA).
Meat of large wild game must be transported to a GHE ASAP after exam by hunter.
Large wild game may be transported to GHE unskinned and w/ head and viscera removed if accompanied by declaration provided by hunter.
If no declaration provided or if abnormality found by hunter, head and viscera must accompany body to GHE.
Considerations if vet does not always see the offal.
Did the live animal suffer from any condition which would have rendered carcass unfit for human consumption?
- answer relies on trained hunter if head and offal not present.
Did the act of killing render the carcass to be unfit for human consumption?
Has the tx of the carcass after death caused the carcass to be unfit for human consumption?
PMI of deer.
Similar to PMI of ovine.
Main difference:
- all cervids lack a gall bladder.
- if wild game has a condition pathogenic to humans or animals, it is not category 2, it is category 1.
PM condition examples in wild game.
TB, Yersiniosis (paratuberculosis), Contamination, Trauma, Ectoparasites, Endoparasites, Brain abscesses.
Carcass contamination rules and causes.
Gross contamnation warrants rejection of the carcass.
Slight contamination should be trimmed, never washed.
Most commonly due to rupture / puncture of alimentary tract during evisceration or poor shot position.
Most common shot position of a deer? and why?
Anterior thoracic cavity.
- to avoid the guts.
- to hit the heart – get a hydrostatic burst that goes up through the blood system and ruptures blood vessels in the brain too.
- to avoid the head – valuable.
- more still than the head as prey spp. – welfare.
Ticks and wild game.
Deer have ticks.
They move from deer to personnel in chiller.
Ixodes ricinus.
- 3 host tick.
- 4w on host in 3-yr lifecycle.
- eject anaesthetic so do not feel them.
- Transmitter of Lymes disease, tick pyaemia, tick paralysis and babesiosis.
Lipoptena cervi.
- flies once after pupation on ground.
- wings drop off when host deer found and becomes permanent ectoparasite.
- hurts when they bite.
Lungworm in deers.
Muellerius capillaris - shot-like nodules.
Ductyocaulus viviparus - areas of pneumonia.
Canine tapeworm cysts in deer.
Cysticercus tenuicollis.
Hydatid.
Trematodes in deer.
Fasciola hepatica - liver fluke.
Paramphistomun cervi - rumen fluke.
Hypoderma diana.
Spp. specific.
Warble fly larvae under skin.
Brain abscesses.
Common in males.
Seasonal.
- coincides w/ antler shedding and rutting season.
– injury near pedicles leading to extended infection.
