Bovine PM Inspection Flashcards
- What does paragraph 1 of section 19 describe?
- Paragraph 2?
- The routine inspection.
- The inspection procedures should the OV suspect any issues.
Bovine head inspection if over 8 months old.
2 incisions in external masseter muscles, parallel to the plane of the mandible.
1 incision of the pterygoid muscles.
Push down on hyoid bone to raise retropharyngeal LN.
Examine and incise the retropharyngeal LN.
- all head LNs drain to this one.
- Examine parotid, submandibular and submaxillary LNs.
Examine mandibular symmetry (for actinomycosis).
Repeat for the other side.
Incise internal pterygoid muscles.
Mnemonics - conditions in the head (MISSMAXFACTOR).
Malignant Catarrhal Fever.
Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis.
Sarcocysts.
Stomatitis.
Melanosis.
Actinobacillosis, Actinomycosis.
Xanthosis.
Foot and Mouth.
Abscesses.
Cysticercus bovis.
TB, Tumours.
Osteohaematochromatosis.
Ringworm.
Bovine head inspection legislation.
Head must be removed AFTER 30 seconds bleeding.
Head must be flayed (skinned) for inspection.
Head must be inspected by a government inspector.
Bovine heads are SRM.
- UNFIT FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION.
- SRM is category 1.
Offal inspection purpose.
To determine fitness for human consumption based on macroscopic lesions.
Purpose of tail examination.
For faecal contamination, trauma (fractures at tail base common in producers twist tail of the animal).
Purpose of tongue examination.
Contamination, Actinobacilliosis (Actinobacillus lignieresii), vesicles, trauma, tonsillar material (SRM).
Liver examination.
Visually check surfaces of liver and palpate hepatic and pancreatic LNs.
- incise gastric surface of liver and incise at base of the caudate lobes to examine the bile ducts.
- look for fluke and congestive hepatitis (cholangitis) (ragwort poisoning), telangiectasis (“plum pudding” liver from excitement of peripheral nerves due to mounting).
Examination of the heart.
Heart:
- visual inspection of pericardium and heart, incise lengthways to open ventricles and cut through the interventricular septum.
- look for cysticercus bovis (0.5cm), vegetative endocarditis in valves (look at kidneys if found to see if embolic spread, reject whole carcass if in kidneys), traumatic pericarditis (report to APHA if repeat incidence from same farm), sarcocysts along muscle fibres.
Lung examination.
Incise and examine bronchial and mediastinal LNs to look for TB.
Inspect trachea and oesophagus.
- lengthwise opening of trachea and main branches of bronchi.
Visually inspect and palpate the lungs.
- incise in posterior third, perpendicular to main axes.
– incisions not necessary where lungs excluded from human consumption.
- Category rejection if TB found in lungs?
- Category rejection if Dictycaulus viviparus (lungworm) found in lung?
- Category rejection if pneumonia in the lungs?
- Reject affected part under category 2 animal by-product as pathogenic to humans and animals, check carcass for signs of systemic infection and reject whole carcass if found to be systemic.
- Reject affected part only under category 3 animal by-product for aesthetics as not pathogenic to humans or animals.
- Reject affected part under category 2 animal by-product and check carcass for signs of systemic infection.
- Category rejection if congenital cysts found in bovine kidneys?
- Category rejection if renal uroliths found in kidney?
- Reject affected part only under category 3 animal by-product for aesthetics, as not pathogenic to humans or animals.
- can cut out the area of the kidney that is affected and do not have to reject the whole kidney as the kidneys are lobulated. - Reject affected part only under category 2 animal by-product for aesthetics as not pathogenic to humans or animals.
Examining green offal.
Visual inspection of GIT, mesentery, gastric and mesenteric LNs.
Incision of gastric and mesenteric LNs is suspicious of a problem.
Carcass inspection.
Check for signs of pathology.
Check for signs of visible contamination (possible risk of E. coli).
Check for signs of SRM.
Health marked if considered fit for human consumption.
Symmetry of carcass and joints.
Check pleura, peritoneum, diaphragm, spinal channel, neck, joints.
Pelvic channel, LNs, joints.
- What category rejection for osteohaematochromatosis found?
- Category rejection for sarcocysts found?
- Reject affected parts under category 3 animal by-product for aesthetics and check carcass for signs of systemic infection.
(BONES GO RED). - Reject affected parts or whole carcass if generalised under category 2 animal by-product as pathogenic to humans or animals.
(SLIGHTLY YELLOW-GREEN DUE TO EOSINOPHILIC REACTION).
