Gallbladder Diseases Flashcards
Cholelithiasis
-Definition and Etiology
- Definition: stones in the gallbladder
- Etiology: impaired metabolism of cholesterol, bilirubin and bile acids
3 types of stones
cholesterol, pigmented and mixed
Cholelithiasis
-Risk factors
– Obesity
– Sex (female)
– Middle ages
– Use of oral contraception
– Rapid weight loss
– Indigenous American ethnicity
– Genetic predisposition
– Pancreatic or ileal disease
When does biliary colic occur?
Occurs 30 minutes to several hours after eating fatty meal
Cholelithiasis Manifestations
Usually asymptomatic
* Epigastric and right quadrant pain
* Intolerance to fatty foods
* Vague symptoms: heartburn, flatulence, epigastric discomfort, food intolerances (fats and cabbage)
* Biliary colic
* Jaundice (if in bile duct)
What does the severity of cholelithiasis manifestations depend on?
Severity depends on:
Movement of stones
Obstruction
Why are the patient’s jaudiced with cholelithiasis?
Bile cannot flow into duodenum
Why does patient have dark amber urine that foams when shaken?
Soluble bilirubin in urine
What causes clay colored stools?
Bilirubin does not reach small intestine to be converted into urobilinogen
What causes Steatorrhea?
No bile salts in duodenum, preventing fat digestion
Why do patients develop pruritis?
Deposit of bile salts into skin tissues
What causes intolerance to fatty foods?
No bile in small intestine to help with fat digestion
What causes bleeding tendencies?
Decreased absorption of vitamin K
Cholecystitis
-Etiology
- Acute or chronic
- Most often caused by a gallstone lodged in the cystic duct
- Leads to distended and inflamed gallbladder
Cholecystitis
-common symptoms
Common to see: fever, leukocytosis, rebound tenderness, and guarding
- Pain is similar to biliary colic or cholelithiasis issues
