Antimicrobials

Question 1

Broad spectrum

Answer 1

Effective against numerous organisms (gram +/-)

Don’t know what the specific organism is

Question 2

Narrow spectrum

Answer 2

Effective against a few species of organisms (gram +/-)

Know the organism and what drug it is sensitive to

Question 3

Selective toxicity

Answer 3

Toxic to a specific cell while “sparing” other “normal” cells in close proximity

Question 4

Resistance

Answer 4

The ability of an organism to survive an antimicrobial or to render the antimicrobial ineffective

Innate or acquired

Question 5

Super infection

Answer 5

An infection that occurs because of treatment for primary infection

Question 6

Prophylactic antibiotic use

Answer 6

Antibiotics that are used to prevent infection
-Surgical procedures, dental procedures (risk of endocarditis), immunocompromised patients

Question 7

Test for drug sensitivity of the organism

Answer 7

Disk Diffusion Test-Determines what antimicrobial will be effective

Question 8

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

Answer 8

-The lowest amount of drug that inhibits bacterial growth (does not kill organism)

Question 9

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration

Answer 9

The lowest concentration that decreases size of bacterial colonies by 99.9%

Question 10

Nosocomial infections

Answer 10

Infections that occur within a healthcare facility

Question 11

Drug-resistant strains

Answer 11

-Resistance to a specific drug (MRSA)
-Resistance to an antimicrobial class (CRE-Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae)

Question 12

Antimicrobial resistance

Answer 12

Organisms that are able to live and grow in an environment where antimicrobials are present
-innate resistance
-sharing of genetic material
-Mutations

Question 13

Treatment Failures

Answer 13

-Wrong drug used
-Started too late
-Too low dose
-Not taken long enough
-Drug can’t get to the infection (abscess, brain)