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The Origins > Galactic Structures > Flashcards

Galactic Structures Flashcards

1
Q

Gravity is a result of _____ and _____while radiation is caused by just_____

A

ordinary and dark matter
ordinary matter

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2
Q

What are the 5 main structures in the universe?

A

Stars, galaxies, galaxy-groups, galaxy-clusters, supercluster,

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3
Q

Rich galaxy clusters are ____ in shape and have____ gas and dust

A

spherical
lots

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4
Q

Poor clusters are_____in shape and have____gas and dust

A

irregular
little

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5
Q

What is the theory of the origin in matter distribution and definition?

A

Vacuum fluctuations
The creation of virtual particles causes small and quick changes in the energy field that is constantly occurring –> the waves distribute the matter

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6
Q

There is not enough visible mass to hold clusters together by gravitation or to keep hot gas in their vicinity, which is another theory for the existence of ______ _______

A

dark matter

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7
Q

Intergalactic space is filled with_____

A

hydrogen clouds

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8
Q

What are Quasars?

A

Brightest objects in the universe that sits at the core of a galaxy and hosts an active supermassive black hole at its center

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9
Q

Olbers Paradox: why is the night sky dark?

A

The universe is a finite age
Far away objects have redshift and are out pf the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum

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10
Q

Explain the Star-Gas-Star Cycle (4 steps)

A
  • Molecular clouds of H and He collapse and being to rotate forcing it into a dick
  • The center becomes hot and dense forming a proto-star
  • Nuclear fusion of H and He occur (now is a star) making new elements
  • Hot gas from a dying star produces hydrogen clouds and molecules to form a new molecular cloud
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11
Q

What is the interstellar medium?

A

gas and dust that fills the space between stars (H, He, and heavier elements)

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12
Q

How do galaxies form?

A
  • Protogalactic clouds with the materials to form stars begin to rotate
  • High density centers lead to Halo stars forming as the cloud collapses under gravity
  • Angular momentum ensures the remaining gas flattens into a disk forming a plane
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13
Q

What are Halo stars?
Population_____
Colour?

A

Old stars with low metalicity that form in the Halo of a galaxy and are red and also referred to as Population II

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14
Q

Young Stars?
Population____
Colour?

A

Young stars in the disks of galaxies, blue, and referred to as Population I

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15
Q

Spiral Galaxies
Younger or older?
Contain a lot or little gas?
Low or high density?
High or low star formation?
Disks or no disks?

A

Younger, a lot, low, high, disks

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16
Q

Elliptical Galaxies
Younger or older?
Contain a lot or little gas?
Low or high density?
High or low star formation?
Disks or no disks?

A

Older, little, high, low, no disks

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17
Q

Irregular Galaxies (3 points)

A

No particular shape
Many young stars
Stars and gas are scattered in random pathces

18
Q

What the three components of a galaxy and what is the exception?

A

Bulge at the center
Disk in their outskirts except elliptical
A Halo

19
Q

Ring Galaxies

A

when a smaller galaxy plows through a larger one

20
Q

Dwarf Galaxies

A

difficult to detect and may be the building blocks of larger galaxies

21
Q

Zone of Avoidance theory and actuality

A

a zone within the milky way thought to have no galaxies
Our view is just blocked due to gas and dust in the milky way plane

22
Q

What does galactic cannibalism mean and what 3 things does it help explain about the milky way?

A

A galaxy absorbing another galaxy
1. Some stars follow unusual orbits
2. Not all Population II stars are the same age
3. Model predicts the first stars might not have been very large and should still be around

23
Q

How do stars form?

A

Begin as molecular clouds (cold gas and interstellar dust) that collapse due to winds, explosions, gravitational energy. Rotation then forces it into a disk-shape which after a million years or so develop a hot dense core as the center called a protostar

The protostar becomes a star when nuclear fusion from temperature increase allows it to make the energy required to fit the definition of a star

24
Q

White dwarf stars are____ but less____

A

hotter
bright

25
Q

Red and blue giants stars are ____ and____

A

cooler
bright

26
Q

Most stars are____ and____or_____and_____

A

cool and dim
hot and bright

27
Q

Life cycle of a low-mass star (6)

A

Stellar nebular (where star forms)
Protostar forms
Average star
Red giant
Planetary nebula
white dwarf

28
Q

Life cycle of a high-mass star (7)

A

Stellar nebular (where star forms)
Protostar
Massive star
Red supergiant
Supernova
Either black hole or neutron star

29
Q

What is a supernova?

A

A powerful explosion of a dying star

30
Q

What is a black hole?

A

a place in space where matter is so dense that nothing can escape its gravitational pull

31
Q

What is a neutron star?

A

formed when a massive star runs out of fuel and collapses, crushing together every proton and electron into a neutron.

32
Q

Where does the sun’s energy come from?

A

The merging of hydrogen nuclei into helium that releases small but frequent amounts of energy

33
Q

What is the proton-proton chain?

A

Star conversion from H to He and other heavier elements

34
Q

The sun is a ___ mass star

A

low

35
Q

What is a planetary nebula?

A

a shell of gas and dust that forms around nd a dying star

36
Q

What is a roche lobe?

A

a gravitational sphere of influence around a star

37
Q

The Chandrasekhar Limit

A

the maximum mass that a star can have and still become a white dwarf, rather than collapsing into a neutron star or black hole

38
Q

Formation of light element are on the ____ part of the star, while heavier ones are in the ____part of the star

A

outer parts
core

39
Q

Elements with a higher mass than ___ can only be produced during a supernova

A

Iron

40
Q

scientists can observe black holes indirectly by studying _____________________

A

the effects they have on nearby matter and space

41
Q

History of the Universe in 8 phases

A
  1. Inflation
  2. First Particles
  3. First Nuclei (dark ages)
  4. First Atoms (light)
  5. First stars
  6. Galaxies and dark matter
  7. Dark energy
  8. Today

The Origins (2 decks)

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